ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Study of the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 Ratio in Humans and Rats during Different Phases of Pregnancy.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial proteins and peptides in pregnancy: Guardians of the maternal-fetal frontier.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Does fetal or maternal leap-2 level affect infant birth weight?BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- LEAP2 in Physiology-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of Ghrelin on Islet Size in Nonpregnant and Pregnant Female Mice.Endocrinology · 2024Article
- Role of ghrelin in promoting catch-up growth and maintaining metabolic homeostasis in small-for-gestational-age infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- High-Fat Diet Induces Resistance to Ghrelin and LEAP2 Peptide Analogs in Mice.Physiological research · 2023Article
- Association of maternal body composition and diet on breast milk hormones and neonatal growth during the first month of lactation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 (LEAP-2) has emerged as an endogenous GHS-R antagonist and blunts the orexigenic action of ghrelin. This study aimed to determine the Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio in humans and rats during pregnancy. In humans, we conducted a nested case-control study within an observational prospective cohort. Healthy and mild preeclamptic pregnant women were studied at each trimester of gestation and three months postpartum. In addition, a group of non-pregnant women was studied into the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio was investigated in non-pregnant rats and at different periods of rat pregnancy. Human and rat serum ghrelin and LEAP-2 levels were determined using the commercially available ELISA kits. The Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio peak around the second trimester of gestation in healthy pregnant women (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio between healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women at each trimester of gestation (p > 0.05). The Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio in pregnant rat reached the peak around mid-gestation with a similar pattern to the human pregnancy. LEAP-2 was visualized by immunohistochemistry in human term placenta and rat placentas on days 12, 16 and 21 of pregnancy. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence of a Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio peak around the half-way point of pregnancy onwards during human and rat pregnancy, and it might be associated with increased rates of weight gain during pregnancy. Thus, this study suggests that LEAP-2 and Ghrelin/LEAP-2 ratio might play an important role in maternal physiology adaptation of weight gain during pregnancy.
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