ArticleScandinavian journal of public health2022
Rainbows over the world's public health: determinants of health models in the past, present, and future.
Article in Scandinavian journal of public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The social determinants of health-related quality of life among people with chronic disease: a systematic literature review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Development of an Evaluation Framework for the Integration of Clinical and Preventive Medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Using a DELPHI-AHP Approach.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Who is worthy of protection? Revisiting a theoretical model on the social origins of health inequities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2026Review
- Social Determinants of Health Assessed Among Nurses: A KAP-Oriented Systematic Review Using the Dahlgren-Whitehead Rainbow Model.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From ambivalence to agency: parents' conceptions of a theory-based behavioural intervention to prevent dental caries in their preschool children - a qualitative study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Rethinking population health in practice: pediatric immunizations as a policy and system integration case.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Rethinking preventive medicine education after COVID-19: bridging training gaps in public health practice.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Strengthening health promotion at the local level: insights from Swiss municipalities (canton of Vaud) across urban and rural contexts.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Operationalizing social determinants of health across a county: exploring the 100% Community Framework.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Treatment and Prevention of Dental Caries in Children via a Theory-Based Behavioural Intervention Led by Health Promoters: A Health Economic Evaluation.Caries research · 2025Article
- Psychological distress, psychosocial factors, and physical inactivity among older women and men in Sweden: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- An Evolutionary Preamble Towards a Multilevel Framework to Understand Adolescent Mental Health: An International Delphi Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Social sustainability in local communities in Norway: which factors are associated with people's satisfaction with their local community as a place to live now and in the future?Scandinavian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Resources and strategies young people use and need to promote mental health - a qualitative study from a salutogenic perspective.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Revisiting the conceptualization of social sustainability from a health promotion perspective: a scoping review.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2025Article
- A scoping review and expert consensus on digital determinants of health.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Relationship between perceived material living conditions and subjective health and wellbeing as moderated by personal attributes in a representative sample of Nigerians.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Perceptions of the determinants of health and cancer: trends in discourse and level of argumentation between girls and boys aged 6 to 18.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The equitable aging in health conceptual framework: international interventions infusing power and justice to address social isolation and loneliness among older adults.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Inequality in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception among women of reproductive age in Zambia. A trend and decomposition analysis 2007-2018.Reproductive health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The need to visualise the complexity of the determinants of population health and their interactions inspired the development of the rainbow model. In this commentary we chronicle how variations of this model have emerged, including the initial models of Haglund and Svanström (1982), Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991), and the Östgöta model (2014), and we illustrate how these models have been influential in both public health and beyond. All these models have strong Nordic connections and are thus an important Nordic contribution to public health. Further, these models have underpinned and facilitated other examples of Nordic leadership in public health, including practical efforts to address health inequalities and design new health policy approaches.Apart from documenting the emergence of rainbow models and their wide range of contemporary uses, we examine a range of criticisms levelled at these models - including limitations in methodological development and in scope. We propose the time is ripe for an updated generic determinants of health model, one that elucidates and preserves the core value in older models, while recognising the developments that have occurred over the past decades in our understanding of the determinants of health. We conclude with an example of a generic model that fulfills the general purposes of a determinants of health model while maintaining the necessary scope for further adjustments to be made in the future, as well as adjustments to location or context-specific purposes, in education, research, health promotion and beyond.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.