ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2022
Functional neurological disorder and placebo and nocebo effects: shared mechanisms.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trait responsiveness to verbal suggestions predicts nocebo responding: A meta-analysis.British journal of health psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Nocebo Hypothesis Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Motor Type): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Trial
- Accelerated Split-Belt Gait Adaptation in Patients with Functional Tremor: Clues to a Generalized Precipitating Trait?Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Baseline blink reflex R2 changes correlate with affective and interoceptive domains in functional movement disorders.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Predictive processes linking sense of agency and fatigue: a novel allostatic framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Updating UK clinical guidelines to incorporate the placebo effect in peri-operative care: challenges and opportunities.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cognitive rehabilitation for functional neurological disorder.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Norwegians who report persistent health complaints attributed to tick bites or tick-borne diseases.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Placebo in Functional Neurological Disorders: Promise and Controversy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Positive Clinical Signs in Functional Neurological Disorders: A Narrative Review and Development of a Clinical Decision Tool.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Characterising alexithymia in individuals with functional motor disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of the Italian Registry of Functional Motor Disorders.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- The High-Risk Model of Threat Perception Modulates Learning of Placebo and Nocebo Effects and Functional Somatic Disorders.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Reducing healthcare costs by timely diagnosis and management in functional motor disorders.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Predicting the side effects of influenza vaccination.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
- Public and professional attitudes towards deceptive and open-label placebo in functional neurological disorder and wider neurological practice.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Functional Neurological Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Complex and Potentially Significant Relationship.Brain and behavior · 2024Review
- Understanding Functional Neurological Disorder: Recent Insights and Diagnostic Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Case report: Tremor in the placebo condition of a blinded clinical trial of intermittent theta-burst stimulation for cocaine use disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Virtual reality in functional neurological disorder: a theoretical framework and research agenda for use in the real world.BMJ neurology open · 2024Review
- Transient resting-state salience-limbic co-activation patterns in functional neurological disorders.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Functional neurological disorder (FND) is characterized by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by a structural neurological cause. Among the different aetiological models that have been proposed for FND, of note is the Bayesian predictive coding model, which posits that perception relies on top-down cortical predictions (priors) to infer the source of incoming sensory information. This model can also apply to non-pathological experiences, such as placebo and nocebo effects, wherein sensory information is shaped by prior expectations and learning. To date, most studies of the relationship between placebo and nocebo effects and FND have focused on the use of placebos for diagnosis and treatment of FND. Here, we propose that this relationship might go beyond diagnosis and therapy. We develop a framework in which shared cognitive, personality and neuroanatomical factors justify the consideration of a deeper link between FND and placebo and nocebo effects. This new perspective might offer guidance for clarification of the pathogenesis of FND and for the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.