ReviewThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2022
Gut microbiome and breast-feeding: Implications for early immune development.
Review in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of breastfeeding prevalence, duration and determining factors in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- GUT MICROBIOTA IN INFANTS WITH COW MILK ALLERGY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CONTROLLED STUDIES.Arquivos de gastroenterologia · 2026Pooled it
- Probiotics in Term Infants: Clinical Impact of Infant-Type Bifidobacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal prenatal infection and childhood leukaemia: a Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC) meta-analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Varying patterns of risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in the East and the West: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Non-exclusive breastfeeding is associated with pneumonia and asthma in under-five children: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Pooled it
- Lactobacillus GG and other probiotics in pediatric food allergy treatment: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Determinants of diarrhoeal diseases among under-five children in Africa (2013-2023): a comprehensive systematic review highlighting geographic variances, socioeconomic influences, and environmental factors.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Research focus and emerging trends of the gut microbiome and infant: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Early gut microbiome composition of very preterm infants randomised to receive human milk volumes of 60 ml/kg/day or more within the first 36 hours after birth.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Amino acid-based formula feeding is associated with increased risk ofGut microbes · 2026Article
- The microbiota at the interface of environmental toxicants and the brain.Cell metabolism · 2026Review
- Maternal secretor status and human milk oligosaccharides influence the infant gut resistome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- The Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Pediatric Populations: The Implications of Oral Dysbiosis for Systemic Inflammation and Neuroinflammation.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Effect of Probiotics on the Gut-Mammary Pathway: Implications on Infant Microbiota Transfer and Development.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota in necrotizing enterocolitis: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Can Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 reshape the weaning gut?Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Saccharomycetes and Malassezia fungi associate with early-life gut maturation and allergic disease risk in childhood.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Establishment of the gut microbiome during early life is a complex process with lasting implications for an individual's health. Several factors influence microbial assembly; however, breast-feeding is recognized as one of the most influential drivers of gut microbiome composition during infancy, with potential implications for function. Differences in gut microbial communities between breast-fed and formula-fed infants have been consistently observed and are hypothesized to partially mediate the relationships between breast-feeding and decreased risk for numerous communicable and noncommunicable diseases in early life. Despite decades of research on the gut microbiome of breast-fed infants, there are large scientific gaps in understanding how human milk has evolved to support microbial and immune development. This review will summarize the evidence on how breast-feeding broadly affects the composition and function of the early-life gut microbiome and discuss mechanisms by which specific human milk components shape intestinal bacterial colonization, succession, and function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.