ArticleAfrican journal of primary health care & family medicine2022
Distinguishing trans women in men who have sex with men populations and their health access in East Africa: A Tanzanian study.
Article in African journal of primary health care & family medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- A scoping review examining measurement of anti-transgender stigma in low- and middle-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Healthcare access and barriers to utilization among transgender and gender diverse people in Africa: a systematic review.BMC global and public health · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew data are available on the presence and characteristics of transgender populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which makes the provision of health services for key populations difficult.
aimThis study aimed to ascertain the presence and characteristics of trans women in seven cities in Tanzania, East Africa.
settingTanzania, East Africa.
methodsOutreach to men who have sex with men (MSM) in seven large cities in Tanzania was carried out by non-governmental organisation (NGO) staff familiar with this community. Survey questions administered via interviews were used to identify participants who self-identify as trans. From the self-identification data, an estimate of the relative size of the trans women population in this sample was calculated.
resultsIn the sample of 300 participants, 17.0% of participants were identified as 'transsexual or transgender' (survey wording); 70.1% of these trans participants indicated that they identify themselves as a woman. Of those identifying themselves as transsexual or transgender, 43.1% reported living part- or full-time as a woman and eight (15.0%) reported hormone use. The highest percentage of hormone use (40.0%) was found in those living as a woman full-time. Notably, there was significant ignorance amongst the sample of the terms 'transsexual and transgender' or their explanation in Swahili, reported by interviewers.
conclusionIn this study, it is clear that trans women populations exist in Tanzania, with high levels of stigmatisation and threats to their lives. They should be included in health outreach and services to key populations. One in six self-identified as trans women, although the lack of knowledge of this concept in Swahili or English may have inaccurately represented numbers.
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