ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Islet Autoantibody Level Distribution in Type 1 Diabetes and Their Association With Genetic and Clinical Characteristics.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid autoimmunity in relation to islet autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Searching for Monogenic Autoimmune Etiology in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Onset Before 30 Months of Age.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Islet autoantibodies in Thai individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 30 years of age: a large multicentre nationwide study.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Type 1 Diabetes Is Not Just a Pediatric Problem.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Type 1 diabetes genetic risk score variation across ancestries using whole genome sequencing and array-based approaches.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis autoantibodies in population-based type 2 diabetes patients.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Article
- Clinical features, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents in Sana'a, Yemen.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Comments on the notion of false positivity in measurements of autoantibodies. Reply to Grill V, Sørgjerd E, Hals I, Carlsson S [letter].Diabetologia · 2024Article
- The challenges of identifying and studying type 1 diabetes in adults.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- The importance of biomarker development for monitoring type 1 diabetes progression rate and therapeutic responsiveness.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Islet Autoantibody Level Distribution in Type 1 Diabetes and Their Association With Genetic and Clinical Characteristics.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe importance of the autoantibody level at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is not clear.
objectiveWe aimed to assess the association of glutamate decarboxylase (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) autoantibody levels with clinical and genetic characteristics at diagnosis of T1D.
methodsWe conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study. GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A were measured in 1644 individuals with T1D at diagnosis using radiobinding assays. Associations between autoantibody levels and the clinical and genetic characteristics for individuals were assessed in those positive for these autoantibodies. We performed replication in an independent cohort of 449 people with T1D.
resultsGADA and IA-2A levels exhibited a bimodal distribution at diagnosis. High GADA level was associated with older age at diagnosis (median 27 years vs 19 years, P = 9 × 10-17), female sex (52% vs 37%, P = 1 × 10-8), other autoimmune diseases (13% vs 6%, P = 3 × 10-6), and HLA-DR3-DQ2 (58% vs 51%, P = .006). High IA-2A level was associated with younger age of diagnosis (median 17 years vs 23 years, P = 3 × 10-7), HLA-DR4-DQ8 (66% vs 50%, P = 1 × 10-6), and ZnT8A positivity (77% vs 52%, P = 1 × 10-15). We replicated our findings in an independent cohort of 449 people with T1D where autoantibodies were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
conclusionIslet autoantibody levels provide additional information over positivity in T1D at diagnosis. Bimodality of GADA and IA-2A autoantibody levels highlights the novel aspect of heterogeneity of T1D. This may have implications for T1D prediction, treatment, and pathogenesis.
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