ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022
Non-pharmacological interventions of travel restrictions and cancelation of public events had a major reductive mortality affect during pre-vaccination coronavirus disease 2019 period.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Higher COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Are Associated with Lower COVID-19 Mortality: A Global Analysis.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory disease that poses a continuous threat to global public health. Many non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) have been implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of various NPIs on COVID-19 mortality during pre-vaccination and vaccination periods. Methods: The COVID-19 data used in this study comes from Our World in Data, we used the Oxford Strict Index (OSI) and its five combination interventions as independent variables. The COVID-19 mortality date (MRT) was defined as a date when daily rate of 0.02 COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 population in a country was reached, and the COVID-19 vaccination date (VRT) was defined as people vaccinated reaching 70%. Linear regression and random forest models were used to estimate the impact of various NPI implementation interventions during pre-vaccination and vaccination periods. The performance of models was assessed among others with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) explaining the prediction capability of the model. Results: During the pre-vaccination period, the various NPIs had strong protective effect. When the COVID-19 MRT was reached, for every unit increase in OSI, the cumulative mortality as of June 30, 2020 decreased by 0.71 deaths per 100,000 people. Restrictions in travel (SHAP 1.68) and cancelation of public events and gatherings (1.37) had major reducing effect on COVID-19 mortality, while staying at home (0.26) and school and workplace closure (0.26) had less effect. Post vaccination period, the effects of NPI reduced significantly: cancelation of public events and gatherings (0.25), staying at home (0.22), restrictions in travel (0.14), and school and workplace closure (0.06). Conclusion: Continued efforts are still needed to promote vaccination to build sufficient immunity to COVID-19 in the population. Until herd immunity is achieved, NPI is still important for COVID-19 prevention and control. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the stringency of NPI implementation had a significant negative association with COVID-19 mortality; however, this association was no longer significant after the vaccination rate reached 70%. As vaccination progresses, "cancelation of public events and gatherings" become more important for COVID-19 mortality.
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