ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2022
A Metapopulation Model for Preventing the Reintroduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus to Naïve Herds: Scotland Case Study.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiology of BVD and persistently infected cattle across urban and peri-urban dairy farms in central, northern, and southern parts of Ethiopia.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Multiple introductions of equine influenza virus into the United Kingdom resulted in widespread outbreaks and lineage replacement.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Herd-Level Modeling of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Transmission in Cattle Herds in Southern Chile: Linking Within and Between-Herd Dynamics.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus is one of the most problematic infectious pathogens for cattle. Since 2013, a mandatory BVD eradication program has successfully reduced the number of infected cattle living on Scottish farms; however, England remains at high prevalence and presents a risk to Scotland through animal movement. Methods: We analyze cattle movements in the UK from 2008 to 2017 and recorded incidence of BVD in Scotland from 2017 to 2020. To simulate BVD reintroduction into Scotland, we developed an epidemiological model that combines transmission between cattle and animal movements between farms. A total of four control strategies were implemented in the model: no intervention, import restriction, targeted vaccination, and combined strategy. Results: During the course of the eradication scheme, movements into Scotland became increasingly distributed in regions close to the England-Scotland border. The prevalence of BVD in this region decreased at a slower rate than the rest of Scotland during the eradication scheme. Our model showed that the change in the prevalence is expected, given that the change in the patterns of movement and if vaccination is targeted to the border areas that decrease in the prevalence will be seen throughout the whole of Scotland. Conclusion: Scottish farms are susceptible to BVD virus reintroduction through animal imports from non-BVD-free nations with farms in border areas being the most vulnerable. Protecting the border regions provides direct and indirect protection to the rest of Scottish farms by interrupting chains of transmission.
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