The Impact of COVID-19 on Pharmaceutical Shortages and Supply Disruptions for Non-Communicable Diseases Among Public Hospitals of South West, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Background: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease that has led to inequitable supply and shortages of essential medicines worldwide due to decreased production capacity, export bans, and national stockpiling which are affecting the global pharmaceutical supply chain. Access to essential pharmaceuticals is dependent on well-functioning supply chain systems that move medicines from the manufacturer to end users at service delivery point. Objective: To assess impact of Covid-19 pandemic disease on pharmaceutical shortages and supply disruptions for non-communicable diseases among public hospitals of South West, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: A multi-institutional cross sectional study design was employed. Quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized concurrently to gather data from four public hospital warehouses, dispensaries, patients, and local health authorities from March 1-30, 2021 in Ilu-Ababor and Buno-Bedelle Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia. Data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 23.0). A semi-structured interview guide was used to gather qualitative information from key informants from DTC members, patients, and local health authorities and finally analyzed through thematic approach. Results: From six public hospitals in the two zones; cost of medicine increased more in Dedesa hospital compared to the other public hospital found in that zone and the effect of Covid-19 on essential medicines used for treatment of non-communicable diseases was less in Darimu Hospital. Stock status of PFSA and transportation were the major challenges during the procurement process due to Covid-19 pandemic disease. Among the EMs assessed at public hospitals, drugs used for cardiovascular diseases were out of stock for more than 90 days while anti-asthma drugs were out of stock for less than 40 days. Conclusion: The availability of essential medicine was low and there was also poor inventory management practice in some of the public hospitals during Covid-19 pandemic in the study period.