ArticleFrontiers in surgery2022
Impact of Surgery on Non-Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ≤2 cm: Analyses With Propensity Score-Based Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- From diagnosis to treatment: navigating the course for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Impact of surgical approaches on long-term survival outcomes of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The impact of surgery on non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) ≤2 cm is controversial. This study sought to demonstrate the impact of surgery on the prognosis of NF-PNETs ≤2 cm with different biological behaviors. Methods: Patients with NF-PNETs ≤2 cm from 2004 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were included in this study. An inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used to reduce the selection bias. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the effect of surgery on the prognosis. Results: In the IPTW-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, surgery improved the cancer-specific survival (CSS) in the overall cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 0.187; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.102-0.343; Conclusions: Among patients with NF-PNETs ≤2 cm, different biological behaviors correlate with different prognostic impacts of surgery. As long as distant metastasis does not occur and the grade is well-moderately differentiated, these patients will not benefit from surgery no matter whether lymph node metastasis occurs or not. However, when local invasion appears in this group of patients, surgery should be performed. Moreover, patients with a tumor grade of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated or those with distant metastases may benefit from surgery.
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