SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2022
Nitrogen balance and outcomes in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of higher versus lower protein provision with meaningful dose separation in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance guided nutrition therapy in ICU patients with acute kidney injury.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Addressing metabolic demands during veno-venous extracorporeal life support: A narrative review.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Review
- Peri-operative nutrition in femoral neck fracture arthroplasty: a pragmatic framework to mitigate dual-hit catabolism and improve outcomes.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Protein nutritional support in critically ill patients: pathophysiological basis, clinical evidence, and areas of uncertainty - a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of postoperative enteral protein supplementation on nitrogen balance in critically ill children.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- The Japanese Critical Care Nutrition Guideline 2024.Journal of intensive care · 2025Review
- Nutritional Strategies for the Treatment and Prevention of Sepsis Outside the Intensive Care Unit.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Nutritional support and prevention of post-intensive care syndrome: the Italian SIAARTI survey.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Nitrogen balance (NB) is a commonly used nutrition indicator in clinical practice, while its relation to the interpretation of protein malnutrition and outcomes in critically ill patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of NB on prognosis in such a patient population. Methods: We searched for relevant studies in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database up to May 10, 2022. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between NB (initial, final, or absolute change of NB levels) and prognosis and important clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) together with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We also conducted subgroup analyses to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Results: Eight studies with 1,409 patients were eligible. These studies were moderate to high quality. When pooled, the initial NB was comparable between the survival and non-survival groups (five studies, MD 1.20, 95% CI, -0.70 to 3.11, Conclusions: Our results suggested that an improved NB but not the initial NB level was associated with all-cause mortality in critically ill patients. This highlights the requirement for dynamic monitoring of NB during nutrition treatment. Further randomized clinical trials examining the impact of NB-guided protein intake on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients are warranted. Systematic review registration: INPLASY202250134, https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0134.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.