ReviewAnnual review of genetics2022
Enhancer Function and Evolutionary Roles of Human Accelerated Regions.
Review in Annual review of genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Human Accelerated Regions in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Where the Evolutionary and Neurodevelopmental Hypotheses Converge.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- A putativebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Positive selection on brain cis-regulatory elements in the human lineage drives changes in gene expression and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders.HGG advances · 2026Article
- In Vitro Massively Parallel Screening of Human Regulatory Elements Involved in Postcranial Skeletal Development for Differential Activity Compared to Chimpanzee.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- So Fragile, So Human: Noncoding DNA Regions Orchestrating Gene Expression Involved in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and in Human Brain Evolution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human-specific lncRNAs contributed critically to human evolution by distinctly regulating gene expression.eLife · 2026Article
- Dynamics of dN/dS within recombining bacterial populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Phylogenomic Approaches to Study Adaptive Evolution in Mammals: From Aging to Aquatic Lifestyles.Annual review of genetics · 2025Review
- Comparative genomics sheds light on mammalian and avian gene regulation and phenotypic evolution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Ultra-fast variant effect prediction using biophysical transcription factor binding models.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- How the pelvis evolved to enable human bipedalism.Nature · 2025Article
- An ancient enhancer rapidly evolving in the human lineage promotes neural development and cognitive flexibility.Science advances · 2025Article
- Lineage-specific regulatory evolution: insights from massively parallel reporter assays.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2025Review
- Genomic convergence in hibernating mammals elucidates the genetics of metabolic regulation in the hypothalamus.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Human-specific genomic evolution of a regulatory network enables fine-tuning of N-cadherin gene expression.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Article
- Regulatory Plasticity of the Human Genome.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Understanding the Emergence of Schizophrenia in the Light of Human Evolution: New Perspectives in Genetics.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human accelerated regions (HARs) are the fastest-evolving sequences in the human genome. When HARs were discovered in 2006, their function was mysterious due to scant annotation of the noncoding genome. Diverse technologies, from transgenic animals to machine learning, have consistently shown that HARs function as gene regulatory enhancers with significant enrichment in neurodevelopment. It is now possible to quantitatively measure the enhancer activity of thousands of HARs in parallel and model how each nucleotide contributes to gene expression. These strategies have revealed that many human HAR sequences function differently than their chimpanzee orthologs, though individual nucleotide changes in the same HAR may have opposite effects, consistent with compensatory substitutions. To fully evaluate the role of HARs in human evolution, it will be necessary to experimentally and computationally dissect them across more cell types and developmental stages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.