ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2023
Agency in Contraceptive Decision-Making in Patient Care: a Psychometric Measure.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Postpartum Intrauterine Device Removal and Access to Removal in the 18 Months Following an Intervention in Tanzania, Sri Lanka, and Nepal.Studies in family planning · 2026Trial
- Assessing the association between a postpartum intrauterine device intervention and perceived pressure to adopt contraception in Sri Lanka.Contraception · 2026Trial
- Increasing Contraceptive Access at Sites Serving Cross-State Abortion Patients: Results From the Southwest Contraceptive Access Network (SCAN) Intervention.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Social influence on women's contraceptive use: Population-based, sociocentric network study in rural Uganda.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Association of over-the-counter birth control pill use and contraceptive autonomy among oral contraceptive users.Contraception · 2026Article
- Development of a comprehensive measure of reproductive coercion and abuse for global use: a Delphi study.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2025Article
- Determinants of agency in family planning among marginalized and non-marginalized women: an analysis of the Nepal demographic and health survey 2022.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Associations Between Contraceptive Counseling Quality and Contraceptive Use in a National Survey of Women Veterans.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of the Agency in Contraceptive Decisions Scale in Uganda and Nigeria.Studies in family planning · 2025Article
- Bridging the knowledge gap: a feminist lens on the post-birth control syndrome and media narratives.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Measuring a Critical Component of Contraceptive Decision Making: The Contraceptive Concerns and Beliefs Scale.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- Conceptualizing Contraceptive Agency: A Critical Step to Enable Human Rights-Based Family Planning Programs and Measurement.Global health, science and practice · 2024Article
- Article
- "She should support me, she's my doctor:" Patient perceptions of agency in contraceptive decision-making in the clinical encounter in Northern California.Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health · 2023Article
- Concern that contraception affects future fertility: How common is this concern among young people and does it stop them from using contraception?Contraception: X · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatient agency in contraceptive decision-making is an essential component of reproductive autonomy.
objectiveWe aimed to develop a psychometrically robust measure of patient contraceptive agency in the clinic visit, as a measure does not yet exist.
designFor scale development, we generated and field tested 54 questionnaire items, grounded in qualitative research. We used item response theory-based methods to select and evaluate scale items for psychometric performance. We iteratively examined model fit, dimensionality, internal consistency, internal structure validity, and differential item functioning to arrive at a final scale.
participantsA racially/ethnically diverse sample of 338 individuals, aged 15-34 years, receiving contraceptive care across nine California clinics in 2019-2020. MAIN MEASURES: Contraceptive Agency Scale (CAS) of patient agency in preventive care. KEY
resultsParticipants were 20.5 mean years, with 36% identifying as Latinx, 26% White, 20% Black, 10% Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander. Scale items covered the domains of freedom from coercion, non-judgmental care, and active decision-making, and loaded on to a single factor, with a Cronbach's α of 0.80. Item responses fit a unidimensional partial credit item response model (weighted mean square statistic within 0.75-1.33 for each item), met criteria for internal structure validity, and showed no meaningful differential item functioning. Most participants expressed high agency in their contraceptive visit (mean score 9.6 out of 14). One-fifth, however, experienced low agency or coercion, with the provider wanting them to use a specific method or to make decisions for them. Agency scores were lowest among Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander participants (adjusted coefficient: -1.5 [-2.9, -0.1] vs. White) and among those whose mothers had less than a high school education (adjusted coefficient; -2.1 [-3.3, -0.8] vs. college degree or more).
conclusionsThe Contraceptive Agency Scale can be used in research and clinical care to reinforce non-coercive service provision as a standard of care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.