ArticleHIV medicine2022
Re-assessing the late HIV diagnosis surveillance definition in the era of increased and frequent testing.
Article in HIV medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-country study on the impact of a revised consensus definition of late HIV diagnosis, Europe, 2022 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- New HIV diagnoses and risk factors for late HIV diagnosis, Finland, 2008-2023.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Reevaluating late HIV diagnosis incorporating recent infection evidence: a population-based study in Southwest China (2020-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Risk factors for late HIV diagnosis in England, 2015-2023.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Recent HIV Infections in Italy: Data from the HIV National Surveillance System, 2012-2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Likelihood of HIV and recent bacterial sexually transmitted infections among transgender and non-binary individuals in 20 European countries, October 2023 to April 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Impact of national commissioning of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on equity of access in England: a PrEP-to-need ratio investigation.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
- Determinants of Late HIV Diagnosis and Advanced HIV Disease Among People Living with HIV in Tanzania.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Late Diagnosis in HIV with New and Old Definitions; Data from a Regional Hospital in Turkey.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Re-assessing the late HIV diagnosis surveillance definition in the era of increased and frequent testing.HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Late diagnosis of HIV: An updated consensus definition.HIV medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesLate HIV diagnosis (CD4 <350 cells/mm
methodsWe used national epidemiological and laboratory surveillance data from all people diagnosed with HIV in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (EW&NI). Those with a baseline CD4 <350 were reclassified as 'not late' if they had evidence of recent infection (recency test and/or negative test within 24 months). A correction factor (CF) was the number reclassified divided by the number with a CD4 <350.
resultsOf the 32 227 people diagnosed with HIV in EW&NI between 2011 and 2019 with a baseline CD4 (81% of total), 46% had a CD4 <350 (uncorrected late diagnosis rate): 34% of gay and bisexual men (GBM), 65% of heterosexual men, and 56% of heterosexual women. Accounting for recency test and/or prior negative tests gave a 'corrected' late diagnosis rate of 39% and corresponding CF of 14%. The CF increased from 10% to 18% during 2011-2015, then plateaued, and was larger among GBM (25%) than heterosexual men and women (6% and 7%, respectively). One-year mortality among people diagnosed late was 329 per 10 000 after reclassification (an increase from 288/10 000).
conclusionsThe case-surveillance definition of late diagnosis increasingly overestimates late presentation, the extent of which differs by key populations. Adjustment of late diagnosis is recommended, particularly for frequent testers such as GBM.
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