Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36068364›Full record

ArticleArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2023

Factors influencing the effect of external cephalic version: a retrospective nationwide cohort analysis.

Ambrogio P Londero, Anjeza Xholli, Claudia Massarotti, Arrigo Fruscalzo, Angelo Cagnacci

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Routine 36-week scan: diagnosis and outcome of abnormal fetal presentation.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ambrogio P LonderoAcademic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, IRCCS-Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, GE, Italy. ambrogio.londero@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-6429-1220
Anjeza XholliAcademic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, IRCCS-Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, GE, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8887-3823
Claudia MassarottiAcademic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, IRCCS-Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, GE, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1905-2786
Arrigo FruscalzoClinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8958-6049
Angelo CagnacciAcademic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, IRCCS-Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, GE, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2714-623X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aims to assess the factors associated with the success and failure rate of the external cephalic version (ECV) in breech fetuses. Secondary outcomes were fetal presentation in labor and mode of delivery.

methodsThis cross-sectional study examined the live birth certificates from 2003 through 2020 from US states and territories that implemented the 2003 revision. A total of 149,671 singleton pregnancies with information about ECV success or failure were included. The outcome was ECV success/failure, while the exposures were possible factors associated with the outcome.

resultsThe successful ECV procedures were 96,137 (64.23%). Among the successful ECV procedures, the prevalence of spontaneous vaginal delivery was 71.63%. Among the failed ECV procedures, 24.74% had a cephalic presentation at delivery, but 63.11% of these pregnancies were delivered by cesarean section. Nulliparity, female sex, low fetal weight centile, high pre-pregnancy BMI, high BMI at delivery, and high maternal weight gain during pregnancy were associated with an increased ECV failure (p < 0.001). African American, American Indian and Alaska Native race categories were significant protective factors against ECV failure (p < 0.001). Maternal age had a U-shape risk profile, whereas younger maternal age (< 25 years) and old maternal age (> 40 years) were significant protective factors against ECV failure (p < 0.001).

conclusionsA high prevalence of successful ECV procedures and subsequent spontaneous vaginal delivery were found. The present results found nulliparity, maternal race, maternal age, female fetal sex, low fetal weight, and maternal anthropometric features correlated to ECV results. These findings can potentially improve the knowledge about the factors involved in ECV, allowing more informed counseling to the women undergoing this procedure.

Indexed as

Breech PresentationVersion, FetalAdultCesarean SectionCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFetal WeightHumansPregnancyRetrospective StudiesBreechCesarean sectionExternal cephalic versionFemaleMaleOperative delivery

Identifiers

PMID36068364
PMCPMC10435405

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.