ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2022
Black Canadians' Exposure to Everyday Racism: Implications for Health System Access and Health Promotion among Urban Black Communities.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Intervention to Practice: HIV Anti-Stigma Empowerment Readiness Among Service Providers in Canada.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The Intersection of Racial Identity and Immigration Status on Patterns of Condom Use, HIV/STI Testing, and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships in Canada.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Diminished returns to Black health: A Canadian problem?Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Empowering communities: a case study of integrated knowledge translation in the A/C study.Health research policy and systems · 2026Article
- Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Black, East Asian, and Eastern European Diasporic Communities in Toronto: A Scoping Review.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2026Article
- Defining the Black population in Canadian health research: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Healthcare utilization and HIV burden among Black communities in Ontario: a matched cohort study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Disparities in cost-related prescription nonadherence between Black and White adults in Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Article
- Insidious systems: a scoping review of Black youth and the criminal justice system in Canada.Health & justice · 2026Review
- Psychometric Evaluation of the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 in a Black Canadian Population.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Everyday Discrimination and Vulnerability to HIV Transmission Among Sexual and Gender Minorities of Color in Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- The Paradox of Belonging: Minority Stress, Community Belongingness, and Subjective Well-Being Among Black LGBTQ+ Adults.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Factors associated with self-rated health in Black Canadians: A cross-sectional study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Engaging in culturally responsive and antiracism research and programs for Black Canadian communities.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Article
- Factorial invariance of the Everyday Discrimination Scale among African, Caribbean, Black, and other racialized women living with and without HIV in British Columbia, Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Healthcare lived experiences of African, Caribbean, and Black individuals in Alberta living with HIV/AIDS: A phenomenological study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Everyday racism experiences, healthcare access, and self-rated health: A study of Black men in Ontario, Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Navigating ethics in HIV data and biomaterial management within Black, African, and Caribbean communities in Canada.BMC medical ethics · 2025Article
- Recommendations to improve race identification in health records: A rapid scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Racial discrimination and life satisfaction among Black Canadians: the mediating role of social support and the moderating roles of gender and place of birth.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study explores the social determinants of Black Canadians' exposure to everyday racism, its relationship to health system access, and implications for health promotion. We used data from the A/C Study survey on HIV transmission and prevention among Black Canadians. We implemented the survey (N = 1360) in 2018-2019 in Toronto and Ottawa-two large cities that together account for 42% of Canada's Black population-among self-identified Black residents aged 15-64 years, who were born in sub-Sahara Africa or the Caribbean or had a parent who was born in those regions. Participants reported racist encounters in the preceding 12 months using the Everyday Discrimination Scale. We assessed the socio-demographic correlates of racist experiences and the impact of racism on health system access using multivariable generalised linear models. Sixty percent of participants reported experiencing racism in the preceding 12 months. Based on the adjusted odds ratios, participants were more likely to experience racism if they were older, employed, Canadian-born, had higher levels of education, self-identified as LGBTQ + and reported generally moderate access to basic needs and adequate housing; and less likely to experience racism if they lived in Ottawa, self-identified as female or reported higher levels of social capital. Visiting a healthcare provider or facility, and difficulty accessing healthcare were associated with racist experiences. Racist experiences diminished the likelihood of being tested for HIV. Racist experiences were widespread, especially among those with higher levels of social wellbeing or greater exposure to Canadian institutions. Study participants also associated racist experiences with the healthcare system.
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