ArticleCirculation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes2022
Association of Rapid Response Teams With Hospital Mortality in Medicare Patients.
Article in Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Part 4: Systems of Care: 2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.Circulation · 2025Guideline
- "We Don't Want to Cry Wolf": A Qualitative Study About Nurses' Experiences Activating Rapid Response Teams.The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres · 2026Article
- Implementation of a Rapid Response System in a University Hospital: Impact on In-Hospital Mortality and Surgical Patient Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Rapid response teams for new leaders: a narrative review of global evidence and implementation strategies with a focus on Japan.BMJ open quality · 2026Review
- Article
- Predicting In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Using Machine Learning Models: Protocol for a Scoping Review.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Relation Between the Incidence of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Survival in Older Patients.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025Observational
- Nurse worry as a trigger for rapid response team activation improving outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in non-critical units.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Critical care outreach teams: a service without walls.Intensive care medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough rapid response teams have been widely promoted as a strategy to reduce unexpected hospital deaths, most studies of rapid response teams have not adjusted for secular trends in mortality before their implementation. We examined whether implementation of a rapid response team was associated with a reduction in hospital mortality after accounting for preimplementation mortality trends.
methodsAmong 56 hospitals in Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation linked to Medicare, we calculated the annual rates of case mix-adjusted mortality for each hospital during 2000 to 2014. We constructed a hierarchical log-binomial regression model of mortality over time (calendar-year), incorporating terms to capture the effect of rapid response teams, to determine whether implementation of rapid response teams was associated with reduction in hospital mortality that was larger than expected based on preimplementation trends, while adjusting for hospital case mix index.
resultsThe median annual number of Medicare admissions was 5214 (range, 408-18 398). The median duration of preimplementation and postimplementation period was 7.6 years (≈2.5 million admissions) and 7.2 years (≈2.6 million admissions), respectively. Hospital mortality was decreasing by 2.7% annually during the preimplementation period. Implementation of rapid response teams was not associated with a change in mortality during the initial year (relative risk for model intercept, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.94-1.02];
conclusionsAmong a large and diverse sample of US hospitals, we did not find implementation of rapid response teams to be associated with reduction in hospital mortality. Studies are needed to understand best practices for rapid response team implementation, to ensure that hospital investment in these teams improves patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
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