Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36064401›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2022

Alpha-chloralose poisoning in cats in three Nordic countries - the importance of secondary poisoning.

Ulrika Windahl, Annica Tevell Åberg, Fedor Kryuchkov, Sandra Lundgren, Cecilia Tegner, Kristoffer Dreimanis, Sanna Koivisto, Outi Simola, Morten Sandvik, Aksel Bernhoft

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Ulrika WindahlSwedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden. ulrika.windahl@sva.se.
Annica Tevell ÅbergSwedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden.
Fedor KryuchkovToxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, NO-1431, Ås, Norway.
Sandra LundgrenUniversity Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden.
Cecilia TegnerUniversity Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden.
Kristoffer DreimanisUniversity Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden.
Sanna KoivistoFinnish Safety and Chemicals Agency, P.O. Box 66, 00521, Helsinki, Finland.
Outi SimolaFinnish Food Authority, P.O. Box 200, 00027, Helsinki, Finland.
Morten SandvikToxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, NO-1431, Ås, Norway.
Aksel BernhoftToxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, NO-1431, Ås, Norway.
Norwegian Veterinary Institute · NOSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences · SESwedish Veterinary Agency · SEFinnish Food Authority · FIFinnish Safety and Chemicals Agency · FI

Funding

The Nordic Working Group for Chemicals, Environment and Health n/a
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlpha-chloralose (AC) is a compound known to be toxic to various animal species and humans. In 2018 and 2019 an increase in suspected cases of AC poisoning in cats related to the use of AC as a rodenticide was reported to national veterinary and chemical authorities in Finland, Norway and Sweden by veterinarians working in clinical practices in respective country. The aims of this study were to prospectively investigate AC poisoning in cats, including possible secondary poisoning by consuming poisoned mice, and to study metabolism and excretion of AC in cats through analysis of feline urine.

methodsData on signalment, history and clinical findings were prospectively collected in Finland, Norway and Sweden from July 2020 until March of 2021 using a questionnaire which the attending veterinarian completed and submitted together with a serum sample collected from suspected feline cases of AC-poisoning. The diagnosis was confirmed by quantification of AC in serum samples. Content of AC was studied in four feline urine samples, including screening for AC metabolites by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. Bait intake and amount of AC consumed by mice was observed in wild mice during an extermination of a rodent infestation.

resultsIn total, 59 of 70 collected questionnaires and accompanying serum samples were included, with 127 to 70 100 ng/mL AC detected in the serum. Several tentative AC-metabolites were detected in the analysed feline urine samples, including dechlorinated and oxidated AC, several sulfate conjugates, and one glucuronic acid conjugate of AC. The calculated amount of AC ingested by each mouse was 33 to 106 mg with a mean of 61 mg.

conclusionsClinical recognition of symptoms of AC poisoning in otherwise healthy cats roaming free outdoors and known to be rodent hunters strongly correlated with confirmation of the diagnosis through toxicological analyses of serum samples. The collected feline exposure data regarding AC show together with the calculation of the intake of bait and subsequent AC concentrations in mice that secondary poisoning from ingestion of mice is possible. The results of the screening for AC metabolites in feline urine confirm that cats excrete AC both unchanged and metabolized through dechlorination, oxidation, glucuronidation and sulfatation pathways.

Indexed as

ChloraloseAnimalsCatsFinlandHumansMiceNorwayScandinavian and Nordic CountriesSwedenChloraloseAlpha-chloraloseCatChloraloseFelineMetabolismMicePoisoningSecondaryToxicosis

Identifiers

PMID36064401
PMCPMC9446805
OpenAlexW4294686472

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.