ArticleBMC nephrology2022
The landscape of immune cell infiltration in the glomerulus of diabetic nephropathy: evidence based on bioinformatics.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and regulatory mechanism analysis of macrophage-related key genes in diabetic nephropathy.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Peripheral Immune Reprogramming Characterizes a Low C-Peptide Subgroup of Type 2 Diabetes: Transcriptomic Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Systemic Inflammation.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity characterization and key pathogenic genes screening based on diabetic nephropathy microenvironment.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- Lactate Metabolism and Protein Lactylation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Single-cell RNA profiling identifies immune cell population shifts in diabetes associated mucosal inflammation.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Activation of M1 macrophages promotes diabetic kidney disease by modulating glycolysis via HIF-1α-HK2 signaling pathway.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Tracing the molecular landscape of diabetic nephropathy: Insights from machine learning and experiment verification.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress Induced by Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) Dysfunction Aggravates Chronic Inflammation Through the NADAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Crosstalk between ferroptosis and innate immune in diabetic kidney disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting Autophagy: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Review
- Fiery Connections: Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation, the Journey from Obesity to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The Potential of Anti-Inflammatory DC Immunotherapy in Improving Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Identification of key immune-related genes and potential therapeutic drugs in diabetic nephropathy based on machine learning algorithms.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
- Renal macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasomes in kidney diseases and therapeutics.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- VCAM1: an effective diagnostic marker related to immune cell infiltration in diabetic nephropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The Role of Immune Cells in DKD: Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Exploration of the common pathogenic link between COVID-19 and diabetic foot ulcers: An in silico approach.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Diabetic complications and prospective immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Integrated multiple-microarray analysis and mendelian randomization to identify novel targets involved in diabetic nephropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Roles and crosstalks of macrophages in diabetic nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that immune cell infiltration contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We aim to unveil the immune infiltration pattern in the glomerulus of DN and provide potential targets for immunotherapy.
methodsInfiltrating percentage of 22 types of immune cell in the glomerulus tissues were estimated by the CIBERSORT algorithm based on three transcriptome datasets mined from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the "limma" package. Then immune-related DEGs were identified by intersecting DEGs with immune-related genes (downloaded from Immport database). The protein-protein interactions of Immune-related DEGs were explored using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape. The enrichment analyses for KEGG pathways and GO terms were carried out by the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) method.
results11 types of immune cell were revealed to be significantly altered in the glomerulus tissues of DN (Up: B cells memory, T cells gamma delta, NK cells activated, Macrophages.M1, Macrophages M2, Dendritic cells resting, Mast cells resting; Down: B cells naive, NK cells resting, Mast cells activated, Neutrophils). Several pathways related to immune, autophagy and metabolic process were significantly activated. Moreover, 6 hub genes with a medium to strong correlation with renal function (eGFR) were identified (SERPINA3, LTF, C3, PTGDS, EGF and ALB).
conclusionIn the glomerulus of DN, the immune infiltration pattern changed significantly. A complicated and tightly regulated network of immune cells exists in the pathological of DN. The hub genes identified here will facilitate the development of immunotherapy.
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