ArticlePharmacological research2022
Targeting spike protein-induced TLR/NET axis by COVID-19 therapeutic NRICM102 ameliorates pulmonary embolism and fibrosis.
Article in Pharmacological research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07583992 (Multicenter Phase II Trial of NRICM102 Combined With Standard Therapy in Pneumonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Multicenter Phase II Trial of NRICM102 Combined With Standard Therapy in Pneumonia
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral Mechanisms and Drug Influences on Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) Pathway in Human Coronaviruses Infection: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Coptidis Rhizoma extract mitigates sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration: Insights into hormonal, glymphatic, and molecular mechanisms.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- NRICM102, a TCM Formula, Attenuates COPD-Relevant Inflammatory Lung Injury in Mice by Improving Pulmonary Function and Reversing Immune Dysregulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring the Therapeutic Mechanism of Xiehuo Pingtu San in Treating Thyroid Eye Disease Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Approaches.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- A pre- and post-course survey of an elective Chinese medicine curriculum among junior Western medical students in Taiwan.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Toxicological assessment of novel Anti-COVID traditional Chinese medicine formulae NRICM101 and NRICM102: a comprehensive study on safety and genotoxicity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- NRICM101 in combatting COVID-19 induced brain fog: Neuroprotective effects and neurovascular integrity preservation in hACE2 mice.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Article
- Synergistic protective effects of TCM formula NRICM102 andFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- CC chemokines Modulate Immune responses in Pulmonary Hypertension.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Recommendations and guidelines of integrative medicine for COVID-19 care: The APEC project outcome.Integrative medicine research · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of endothelial activation, hypercoagulation and thrombosis in COVID-19: a link with diabetes mellitus.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- Clinical effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine management in patients with COVID-19 sequelae: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study in Taiwan.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Fibrinolytic system and COVID-19: From an innovative view of epithelial ion transport.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Review
- How Taiwan has responded to COVID-19 and how COVID-19 has affected Taiwan, 2020-2022.Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2023Review
- Efficacy analysis and research progress of complementary and alternative medicines in the adjuvant treatment of COVID-19.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- Sijunzi Decoction Targets IL1B and TNF to Reduce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Ulcerative Colitis: Evidence from Silicon Prediction and Experiment Validation.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Article
- NRICM101 ameliorates SARS-CoV-2-S1-induced pulmonary injury in K18-hACE2 mice model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Pharmacological effects of baicalin in lung diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic remains a critical public health threat, as existing vaccines and drugs appear insufficient to halt the rapid transmission. During an outbreak from May to August 2021 in Taiwan, patients with severe COVID-19 were administered NRICM102, which was a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula developed based on its predecessor NRICM101 approved for treating mild cases. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of NRICM102 in ameliorating severe COVID-19-related embolic and fibrotic pulmonary injury. NRICM102 was found to disrupt spike protein/ACE2 interaction, 3CL protease activity, reduce activation of neutrophils, monocytes and expression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1, RANTES) and proinflammatory receptor (TLR4). NRICM102 also inhibited the spread of virus and progression to embolic and fibrotic pulmonary injury through reducing prothrombotic (vWF, PAI-1, NET) and fibrotic (c-Kit, SCF) factors, and reducing alveolar type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cell apoptosis. NRICM102 may exhibit its protective capability via regulation of TLRs, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and NET signaling pathways. The study demonstrates the ability of NRICM102 to ameliorate severe COVID-19-related embolic and fibrotic pulmonary injury in vitro and in vivo and elucidates the underlying mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.