ArticlePersonality & social psychology bulletin2023
Definitions of Solitude in Everyday Life.
Article in Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The lived experiences of social isolation among cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Review
- Predictors of affect across social contexts: An integration of existing diary datasets.The British journal of social psychology · 2026Article
- Personality moderates associations between personal time and parental well-being.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Affinity For Aloneness, Motivations Underlying Time Spent Alone, and Associations with Psychosocial Well-Being: A Comparison of High-Ability and Typical Adolescents.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2025Article
- Impact of self-stigma of loneliness on psychological distress in older adults: mediation effect of relative deprivation and moderation effect of positive solitude.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Social asymmetry and physical health in the United States and Japan.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
- Liberating the mental health and wellbeing benefits of laughing alone: a new taxonomic model and scoping review for future research.Discover mental health · 2025Review
- The Many Ways of Experiencing Solitude: Personality Processes, in Context, as Predictors of Time Alone.Journal of personality · 2025Article
- The positive solitude scale (PS): psychometric properties among Chinese older.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Mobile phone dependence among Chinese university students: the contribution of irrational beliefs and solitude.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Balance between solitude and socializing: everyday solitude time both benefits and harms well-being.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
What does it mean to be in solitude? Researchers building this nascent field are learning much about the potential affordances of solitude, but lack an agreed-upon definition or set of definitions. Arriving at that meaning is crucial to forming a solid foundation for studies that use both naturalistic and laboratory designs to explore outcomes of solitude. This study identified themes from semi-structured interviews with adults aged 19 to 80 from diverse backgrounds. We concluded that solitude is a state in which the dominant relationship is with the self. If not physically alone, people in solitude are mentally distanced from others and away from active technology-mediated interactions. Complete solitude involves both physical separation and inner focus, but solitude is best defined through a taxonomy that recognizes physical separation and internal focus as independent, sufficient characteristics. An internal focus benefits from (but is not defined by) balancing solitude with social time, quiet, and choice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.