ReviewCureus2022
Hypospadias: A Comprehensive Review Including Its Embryology, Etiology and Surgical Techniques.
Review in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07575204 (Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Pudendal Versus Dorsal Penile Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Paediatric Hypospadias Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Pudendal Versus Dorsal Penile Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Paediatric Hypospadias Surgery
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- ARM in ARM? Investigating the co-occurrence of anorectal malformations and labioscrotal anomalies.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Pooled it
- Surgical approaches for distal urethral strictures after failed hypospadias repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of impotence research · 2026Pooled it
- Investigating adult male sexual function and fertility after childhood hypospadias repair surgery - a systematic review.BMC urology · 2026Pooled it
- Network meta-analysis of different preoperative hormone therapies for improving postoperative complications in pediatric hypospadias.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Androgen receptor expression in the foreskin of children born with hypospadias: a systematic review.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Ventral dartos fascia flap as a third interposition layer in tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias: a prospective study of 52 cases.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Observational
- Machine Learning for Predicting Postoperative Complications After Hypospadias Surgery: A 10-Year Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Glans reconstruction utilizing a skin flap in posterior hypospadias with a small glans: a retrospective case study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Sex Hormone Levels in 323 Cases of Hypospadias With or Without Associated Malformations.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mental health diagnoses among patients with complex hypospadias.World journal of urology · 2026Article
- Efficacy of modified tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for hypospadias.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Article
- Identification of gene variants in 30 patients from southeastern China with severe hypospadias by whole-exome sequencing.Asian journal of andrology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Congenital Anomalies of the Male and Female Reproductive Organs on Infertility and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Do Perioperative Antibiotics Improve Outcomes After Hypospadias Repair? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pediatric Literature.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Optimizing Paediatric Hypospadias Surgical Repair: Pudendal Nerve Block Versus Caudal Block for Superior Analgesia.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2025Article
- Histopathological Comparison and Expression Analysis of COL1A1, COL3A1, and ELN in the Proximal and Distal Ventral Dartos of Patients With Hypospadias: Protocol for Prospective Case-Control Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Acellular foreskin dermal matrix is efficient in supporting the growth of urothelial cells derived from hypospadias patients.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Comparative study in distal hypospadias repair: a meatal-based flaps technic vs. tubularized incised plate urethroplasty.BMC urology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypospadias is among the most prevalent urogenital malformations in male newborns. It is characterized by the displacement of the urethral meatus to the ventral side of the penis, an aberrant ventral curve of the penis referred to as "chordee," and an abnormally arranged foreskin with a "hood" found dorsally and lacking foreskin ventrally. Patients may have an extra genitourinary abnormality based on the area of the lesion. In around 70% of cases, the urethral meatus is positioned distally to the shaft, representing a milder form of the disease. The remaining 30% of cases are located proximally, are more complicated, and require further evaluation. Although the origin of hypospadias is mostly obscure, several suggestions exist about genetic susceptibility and hormonal factors. The objective of hypospadias restoration is to restore aesthetic and functional regularity, and surgery is currently advised at a young age, mostly between six and 18 months. At any age, hypospadias can be repaired with an equivalent risk of complications, functional outcomes, and aesthetic outcomes. However, the best age of treatment is still undetermined. Even though the long-term effects on appearance and sexual function are usually good, males may be less likely to make the first move after rectification. Also, people who have hypospadias treated are twice as likely to have problems with their lower urinary tract. These problems can last for years after the initial repair.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.