ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2022
Does ICSI outcome in obstructive azoospermia differ according to the origin of retrieved spermatozoa or the cause of epididymal obstruction? A comparative study.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes Using Epididymal Sperm Obtained by Percutaneous Aspiration: An 11-Year Single-Center Experience.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2026Article
- ICSI with surgically retrieved sperm in azoospermia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of reproductive, perinatal, long-term, and paternal outcomes.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Effects of different sperm sources on the clinical outcomes ofFrontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- The Sperm Small RNA Transcriptome: Implications beyond Reproductive Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether ICSI outcomes are affected by sperm source or genital tract inflammatory status.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in all consecutive obstructive azoospermia patients who underwent testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and ICSI between February 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020. Couples were excluded if they were diagnosed with monogenic disease, abnormal karyotype, or had female uterine malformation. The primary objective was to determine whether ICSI outcomes are affected by the use of testicular or epididymal spermatozoa, and the secondary objective was to explore the effect of granulocyte elastase on ICSI outcomes using epididymal spermatozoa.
resultsCompared with TESA, inflammatory and non-inflammatory PESA patients exhibited a better high-quality embryo rate, with significant differences among the three groups (49.43 vs. 55.39% and 56.03%; odds ratio, 6.345 and 6.631; 95% confidence interval, 0.340-12.350, and 1.712-11.550; P = 0.038 and P = 0.008, respectively). The fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate, live birth delivery rate, and congenital anomaly birth rate were similar in patients who underwent TESA or PESA (with or without inflammation).
conclusionsThe high-quality embryo rate in PESA patients was higher than that in TESA patients. After successful pregnancy, ICSI outcomes did not differ between patients with obstructive azoospermia who experienced TESA or PESA and those with or without genital tract inflammation.
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