ReviewCancer treatment reviews2022
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors and cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Cancer treatment reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 204 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 262 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heating the Cold: Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Phase II trial of pembrolizumab and epacadostat in recurrent clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: An NRG oncology study GY016.Gynecologic oncology · 2024Trial
- Role and mechanism of gut microbiota and metabolites in schizophrenia complicated with sleep disorder.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Purinergic activity of circulating extracellular vesicles associates with disease progression in melanoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) in Alzheimer's disease: Development of a novelMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Research progress in metabolic reprogramming and targeting metabolic pathways for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Cuproptosis and ferroptosis: signal pathways, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Tryptophan metabolism in colorectal cancer: From mechanistic insights to novel therapeutic strategies.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Spatial ecotype in tumor immune exclusion: from spatial architecture to therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Personalized cancer vaccines: bridging immune-oncology and precision medicine for advanced therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Cell Membrane-Modified Lipid Nanoparticle Enhanced Glioblastoma Immunotherapy via Metabolism Reprogramming and Pyroptosis Induction.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Targeting the cancer metabolism-immunity interface: update and perspectives.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- 20(S/R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 Alleviates AOM/DSS-Induced Colorectal Cancer: Gut-Microbiota Modulation and Tryptophan-Metabolism-Mediated AhR/PXR Activation and IDO1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Integrated Network Pharmacology and Machine Learning to Reveal the Mechanisms of Schisandrin A Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The Antipsychotic Aripiprazole Induces Cytotoxicity in Bladder Cancer Cells While Preserving Urothelial and Bladder Function.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- T cell fate regulation in EBV‑associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- The role of tumor metabolic reprogramming in acquired anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Glycolysis: The Bridge Between Cellular Interaction and Alzheimer's Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- GITR and GITR-L RNA Expression Levels Correlate with Better Survival and Response to Immunotherapy.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Harnessing myeloid cell plasticity for cancer therapy.Nature cancer · 2026Review
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Strategies for unlocking immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment have been investigated to overcome resistance to first-generation immune checkpoint blockade with anti- programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) agents. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) 1, an enzyme catabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine, creates an immunosuppressive environment in preclinical studies. Early phase clinical trials investigating inhibition of IDO1, especially together with checkpoint blockade, provided promising results. Unfortunately, the phase 3 trial of the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat combined with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab did not show clinical benefit when compared with pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with advanced malignant melanoma, which dampened enthusiasm for IDO inhibitors. Even so, several molecules, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, were reported as additional potential targets for the modulation of the tryptophan pathway, which might enhance clinical effectiveness. Furthermore, the combination of IDO pathway blockade with agents inhibiting other signals, such as those generated by PIK3CA mutations that may accompany IDO1 upregulation, may be a novel way to enhance activity. Importantly, IDO1 expression level varies by tumor type and among patients with the same tumor type, suggesting that patient selection based on expression levels of IDO1 may be warranted in clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.