ArticleBiological trace element research2023
Health Risk Study of Heavy Metals from Consumption of Drugs (Solid and Liquid) Samples Derived from Medicinal Plants in Iraq.
Article in Biological trace element research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physicochemical evaluation, Nutritional Profiles, and Fatty Acid Composition in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Linseed (Linum Usitatissimum) in Kamba District, Ethiopia.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Assessment of Toxic Metal Contamination and Consumer Safety of Medicinal Plants in Al-Diwaniyah Herbal Shops.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Deterministic and probabilistic health risk assessment of heavy metals in liquid herbal cough formulations from Western Uganda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Concentration Levels of Selected Elements in Over-The-Counter Painkiller Medications: A Comparative Study on Different Sources Using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Health Impact of Heavy Metals in Samples of Dried Fruits in Iraq.International journal of analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Assessment of Heavy Metals in Biscuit Samples Available in Iraqi Markets.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the carcinogenic factors harmful to the safety of human health. In plant-based medications, heavy metals can be found. In February 2022, 28 specimens of medicinal drugs (solid and liquid) were collected from Texas drugstores to investigate heavy metals like zinc, iron, and lead utilizing a Shimadzu AA-7000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The current study used a US EPA model to calculate non-cancer and cancer risk parameters for heavy metals in all medicinal drug specimens. Zinc, iron, and lead levels (mg/kg) in solid samples were 1.95-51.43, 29.09-2055.92, and ND-26.68, respectively, while they were 0.043-4.267, 0.100-5.25, and ND-1.434, respectively, in liquid specimens. The average value of total non-cancer risk (TNCR or HII) and total cancer risk (TCCR) of heavy metals intake in solid specimens was 4.54E - 03 ± 1.1E - 03 and 2.11E - 06 ± 6.0E - 07, while in liquid specimens were 1.98E - 04 ± 4.1E - 05 and 9.44E - 09 ± 2.3E - 09, respectively. Compared to liquid specimens, solid specimens have higher concentrations of heavy metals. The zinc, iron, and lead concentrations in the liquid specimens were lower than the WHO-acceptable standards of 50, 20, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. On the other hand, few solid specimen results are more than acceptable. However, all the specimens' TNCR and TCCR results were within the US EPA's globally recommended limits. Finally, the results of the heavy metals show no health hazards associated with using the researched medications.
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