SynthesisReviews in medical virology2023
Torque teno virus load as marker of rejection and infection in solid organ transplantation - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Reviews in medical virology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of virome profiles and quantification of Torque teno virus load in blood of acute febrile illness patients.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Torque teno virus as a marker of immune status in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Torque teno virus load as marker of rejection and infection in solid organ transplantation - A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2023Pooled it
- A novel Torque teno virus qPCR assay reveals longitudinal viral load variability among non-immunosuppressed subjects.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Tacrolimus: Toward Personalized Immunosuppression in Heart Transplantation.Journal of cardiac failure · 2026Review
- Transmission of Anellovirus From Kidney-Donor to Pediatric Recipient: An Exploratory Study.Pediatric transplantation · 2026Article
- Methylation patterns associated with TTV load in geriatric hospitalized patients: an exploratory functional analysis.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Association between Torque teno virus-DNA plasma loads and post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in the first year after kidney transplantation.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Torque teno virus in the lower respiratory tract: association with immunosuppression but not mortality in severe pneumonia-a multicenter retrospective cohort study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Torque Teno Virus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Perspectives on Its Role as a Complementary Marker in Monitoring Net Immunosuppression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- TTV virome marks immune exhaustion, α7nAChR alteration, and mortality in elderly patients with severe COPD.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Infectivity of recombinant Torque teno sus virus 1 in pigs coinfected with swine influenza virus.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Case Report: Late-onset BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: two cases and insights into underlying mechanisms.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Salivary Excretion Of Torque Teno Virus And Sars-Cov-2 In Children Who Underwent Kidney Transplantation.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2026Observational
- Human Herpes Virus-Six Related Clinical and Functional Implications in Lung Transplant Patients: Bronco Alveolar Lavage Analysis, Coinfections, Rejection, and Survival.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Donor-derived cell-free DNA in solid organ transplantation: analytical considerations, diagnostic performance, and clinical interpretation.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Torque Teno Virus as a Biomarker for Infection Risk in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Machine Learning-Enabled Cohort Study.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Longitudinal cervicovaginal bacteriome and virome alterations associate with discordant shedding and ART duration in women living with HIV in Peru.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Balancing immunosuppression to prevent rejection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients remains challenging. Torque teno virus (TTV), a commensal non-pathogenic virus, has been proposed as marker of functional immunity: higher loads correspond to over-immunosuppression, and lower loads to under-immunosuppression. This review offers an overview of the current evidence of the association between TTV-load and infection and rejection after SOT. A systematic literature search strategy, deposited in the PROSPERO registry, resulted in 548 records. After screening, 23 original and peer-reviewed articles were assessed investigating the association between TTV-load, infection and/or rejection in SOT. The Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS)-tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis with random-effects was performed on results with similar outcomes and exposure measures. Most of the included studies involved retrospective cohorts in which the TTV-load was measured longitudinally, within the first 2 years post-transplantation. Infection outcomes differed between studies and included viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Rejection was defined by biopsy confirmation or initiation of rejection treatment. Twelve out of 16 studies reported an association between high TTV-load and infections, whereas 13 out of 15 reported an association between low TTV-load and rejection. Meta-analysis showed an increased risk of infection (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.32; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.97-1.14) and a decreased risk of rejection (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.87-0.94; HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.71-0.76) per 1 log TTV-load increase. The qualitative assessment showed varying risks of bias in the included studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that blood TTV-load measured within the first 2 years after SOT is associated with the risk of infection or allograft rejection, although substantial risk of bias in the studies included warrant cautious interpretation. The results in this review provide a rationale for larger, prospective, studies into TTV as marker of infection and rejection after SOT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.