ArticleInternational endodontic journal2022
Intra-pulpal connective tissue formation and the advanced carious lesion: Is chondrogenesis and heterotopic ossification a response to pulpal inflammation?
Article in International endodontic journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of partial pulpotomy compared with full pulpotomy in managing deep caries in vital permanent teeth with a diagnosis of non-traumatic pulpitis.International endodontic journal · 2025Pooled it
- Structural and chemical heterogeneity of pulp stones in young untreated bovine incisors: frequent dentin-like mineralizations.Journal of structural biology: X · 2026Article
- Evaluation of pulp stone between a sub-group of Iraqi population using CBCT radiographs: a retrospective observational study.BMC oral health · 2026Observational
- Clinical validation of a proposed diagnostic classification for pulpitis.International endodontic journal · 2025Article
- Distribution and influencing factors of pulp stones based on CBCT: a retrospective observational study from southwest China.BMC oral health · 2024Observational
- Intra-pulpal connective tissue formation and the advanced carious lesion: Is chondrogenesis and heterotopic ossification a response to pulpal inflammation?International endodontic journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims(a) The aim of this study was to investigate both the formation of dense connective tissue within the dental pulp, and its association with pulpal inflammation in teeth with advanced carious lesions; and (b) to investigate in vitro whether inflammation affects the expression of markers related to chondrogenesis/osteogenesis in pulp cells. MATERIALS AND
methodsRadiology and Histology: Forty-six teeth with advanced carious lesions were radiographically investigated for intra-pulpal radiodense structures. Specimens were processed for histology and stained with haematoxylin/eosin and proteoglycan-specific stains. The intra-pulpal connective tissue was scored as pulp stones or ectopic connective tissue. Cell culture: pulpal cells from human third molars (n = 5) were cultured in chondrogenic medium +/- TLR2/4 agonists. Expression of the genes IL6, TLR2/4, SOX9, COL1A1, COL2A1, TGFB1, RUNX2 and ALPL was assessed by qPCR. Proteoglycan content within cultures was assessed spectrophotometrically.
resultsRadiodense structures were discovered in about half of all pulps. They were associated with ectopic connective tissue (χ
conclusionsEctopic connective tissue resembling cartilage can form in teeth affected by advanced carious lesions. This tissue type is radiographically visible and is associated with inflammatory infiltration of the pulp. Although TLR2/4 agonists led to an inflammatory response in cell culture of pulp cells, the effect on the expression of osteogenic/chondrogenic markers was limited, suggesting that immune cells are needed for connective tissue formation in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.