SynthesisBMC health services research2022
All together now - patient engagement, patient empowerment, and associated terms in personal healthcare.
Synthesis in BMC health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07450950 (Evaluating Health Literacy, Expectations and Regrets in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery for Malignant Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 131 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating Health Literacy, Expectations and Regrets in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery for Malignant Disease
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-management interventions to improve health outcomes in youth living with congenital heart disease: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.European journal of cardiovascular nursing · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring Communication Dynamics Between Patients and Healthcare Providers in Oncology: A Systematic Review.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic review on the involvement and engagement of patients as advisers for the organisation of organ transplantation services.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- A randomized controlled pilot study investigating adherence to blood pressure diaries with personal pictures in stroke follow-up care.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2025Trial
- Trial
- From information to action- a phase-based analysis of patient engagement in inpatient fall prevention: A scoping review.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Review
- Perspectives About Older Adult and Family Member Engagement in Medication Management Across Transitions of Care.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy in a lower-middle income country: A qualitative phenomenological study.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Shared Decision-Making and Patient Enablement in Outpatient Rehabilitation: An Observational Study.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Observational
- When evidence fails in real life: Rethinking sports injury rehabilitation and prevention.Brazilian journal of physical therapy · 2026Review
- From Screens to Support: Re-Engineering Cancer Nursing Practice With Telemedicine.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Designing for Autonomous Motivation: Qualitative Interview Study on Pre-Enrollment Preferences of Survivors of Cancer for Digital Health Behavior Change Programs.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- The Many Faces of Engagement: A Scoping Review of Paediatric Patient and Family Engagement in Clinical Care, Education and Research.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Why involvement remains fragile: a qualitative comparison of principal investigators' and patient organisations' perspectives in Italy.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Association Between mHealth Literacy and Hypertension-Related KAP Among Older Adults with Hypertension: Chain-Mediating Roles of Health Empowerment and Patient Activation.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Health anxiety and collective sense-making in the Chinese social media sphere: a topic modeling assessment of Weibo chatters.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Augmenting medical data interpretation with Large Language Models (LLMs): a comparative analysis of patient empowerment, information processing, and technology acceptance.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Primary and secondary patient participation - a qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perceptions and experiences.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- An evidence gap map of digital health interventions for enhancing patient engagement in healthcare.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients as active partners in their personal healthcare are key drivers to reducing costs, securing an effective usage of resources, and ensuring patient-provider satisfaction. Even though these benefits are acknowledged, a theoretical framework for the plethora of concepts used in this context, such as patient engagement, patient empowerment, or patient involvement is missing. Furthermore, the heterogeneous or synonymous usage of these terms leads to miscommunication, missing standard conceptual measures, and a deficiency in theory building and testing. Our objective is to show what the relationships and distinctions between concepts focussing on patients as active partners in their personal healthcare are.
methodsA systematic literature review was conducted to consolidate terms related to patients' having an active role in their healthcare. From 442 articles screened in PubMed, a final set of 17 papers was included. Any articles conceptualising or presenting relationships between the concepts were included. Information was synthesised, and contradictions were unravelled systematically. The concepts and their relationships are structured and represented by employing a concept map.
resultsPatient-centredness is a concept dominantly influenced by health care providers and can enhance patients' competencies, attitudes, and behaviours towards their personal healthcare. Enabling patients to become more empowered can ultimately lead to their greater involvement and engagement. Fostering an active role of patients can also increase their adherence to the care pathway. In general, patient engagement seems to be the most conclusive and furthest developed concept in terms of turning patients into active partners in their personal healthcare.
conclusionsWe plead for a stricter demarcation and therefore a terminological standardisation of the terms in the future to avoid further ambiguity and miscommunication. The concept map presents a basis for a uniform understanding and application of the concepts. Through a comprehensive understanding of the terms and their dimensions, relationships between the concepts can be utilised, measures can be derived, and theory building and testing can be enhanced, leading to better acceptance and utilisation of concepts in healthcare services. Furthermore, patient engagement is presented to be the most conclusive and furthest developed concept in the subject area.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.