Trial reportClinical & experimental ophthalmology2022
Sustained and rebound effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy on myopia control: A 2-year post-trial follow-up study.
Trial report in Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photobiomodulation therapy for children's eye and vision conditions.Eye (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Duration-Dependent Efficacy and Clinical Safety of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Paediatric Myopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia management in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of repeated low-level red light therapy on myopia progression in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Light Therapy for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review on Effectiveness, Safety, and Implementation.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Pooled it
- Myopia management algorithm. Annexe to the article titled Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute.European journal of ophthalmology · 2024Guideline
- A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of the repeated low-level red light therapy in slowing the progression of myopia in children and adolescents.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Repeated Low-Level Red Light Versus 0.01% Topical Atropine on Myopia Progression: A Randomized Crossover-Controlled Trial.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Trial
- Axial Growth and Myopia Progression After Discontinuing Soft Multifocal Contact Lens Wear.JAMA ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Photobiomodulation therapy retarded axial length growth in children with myopia: evidence from a 12-month randomized controlled trial evidence.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Sustained and rebound effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy on myopia control: A 2-year post-trial follow-up study.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2022Trial
- Near-Infrared and Red-Light Photobiomodulation for Ocular Aging and Diseases: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Myopia as a Global Public Health Challenge a Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Potential Inhibitory Effect of LED-Sourced Red Light Therapy on Ocular Growth in Normal and Myopic Chicks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ocular Transmission of Red and Violet Light: Insights into Light-Based Myopia Therapies.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Review
- Current and Emerging Strategies for Myopia Control in Children: A Comprehensive Evidence-Based Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of four myopia control interventions in children: a single-center retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of continued repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy on myopia control over 2 years, and the potential rebound effect after treatment cessation.
methodsThe Chinese myopic children who originally completed the one-year randomised controlled trial were enrolled. Children continued RLRL-therapy were defined as RLRL-RLRL group, while those who stopped and switched to single-vision spectacle (SVS) in the second year were RLRL-SVS group. Likewise, those who continued to merely wear SVS or received additional RLRL-therapy were SVS-SVS and SVS-RLRL groups, respectively. RLRL-therapy was provided by an at-home desktop light device emitting red-light of 650 nm and was administered for 3 min at a time, twice a day and 5 days per week. Changes in axial length (AL) and cycloplegic spherical equivalence refraction (SER) were measured.
resultsAmong the 199 children who were eligible, 138 (69.3%) children attended the examination and 114 (57.3%) were analysed (SVS-SVS: n = 41; SVS-RLRL: n = 10; RLRL-SVS: n = 52; RLRL-RLRL: n = 11). The baseline characteristics were balanced among four groups. In the second year, the mean changes in AL were 0.28 ± 0.14 mm, 0.05 ± 0.24 mm, 0.42 ± 0.20 mm and 0.12 ± 0.16 mm in SVS-SVS, SVS-RLRL, RLRL-SVS and RLRL-RLRL group, respectively (p < 0.001). The respective mean SER changes were -0.54 ± 0.39D, -0.09 ± 0.55D, -0.91 ± 0.48D, and -0.20 ± 0.56D (p < 0.001). Over the 2-year period, axial elongation and SER progression were smallest in RLRL-RLRL group (AL: 0.16 ± 0.37 mm; SER: -0.31 ± 0.79D), followed by SVS-RLRL (AL: 0.44 ± 0.37 mm; SER: -0.96 ± 0.70D), RLRL-SVS (AL: 0.50 ± 0.28 mm; SER: -1.07 ± 0.69D) and SVS-SVS group (AL: 0.64 ± 0.29 mm; SER: -1.24 ± 0.63D). No self-reported adverse events, functional or structural damages were noted.
conclusionsContinued RLRL therapy sustained promising efficacy and safety in slowing myopia progression over 2 years. A modest rebound effect was noted after treatment cessation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.