ArticlePLoS pathogens2022
Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid nanoparticles as active biointerfaces: From membrane interaction to systemic dysregulation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Decoding Undesirable Inflammatory Responses of Nucleic Acid-Delivering Lipid Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Immunology of RNA-based vaccines: The critical interplay between inflammation and expression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Cross-Priming and Cross-Tolerance After Intramuscular mRNA Vaccination for Viral Infections: Feasibility and Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Emerging lipid nanoparticle systems capable of efficient intramuscular RNA delivery.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- A multiscale physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to support mRNA-encoded BiTE therapy in cancer treatment.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle delivery of VEGF-B mRNA promotes T cell infiltration within tumor and triggers robust antitumor immunity.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status with risk of influenza-like illness and loss of workdays in healthcare workers.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- mRNA-LNPs induce immune activation and cytokine release in human whole blood assays across diverse health conditions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Development of a general anti-viral therapeutic using cholestosome technology to exploit inhibition of intracellular viral production.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Effect of Lipid Nanoparticle Physico-Chemical Properties and Composition on Their Interaction with the Immune System.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Non-neutralizing functions in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.Biomedical journal · 2024Review
- Increased Risk of Thyroid Eye Disease Following Covid-19 Vaccination.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- mRNA vaccine designs for optimal adjuvanticity and delivery.RNA biology · 2024Review
- The mRNA-LNP vaccines - the good, the bad and the ugly?Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Impact of COVID-19, lockdowns and vaccination on immune responses in a HIV cohort in the Netherlands.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- From Bench to Bedside: Implications of Lipid Nanoparticle Carrier Reactogenicity for Advancing Nucleic Acid Therapeutics.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Recommendation for broad use of Covid-19 mRNA vaccine boosters due to waning vaccine effectiveness is taking the easy way out.The Journal of infection · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hundreds of millions of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccine doses have already been administered to humans. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the immune effects of this platform. The mRNA-LNP-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is highly inflammatory, and its synthetic ionizable lipid component responsible for the induction of inflammation has a long in vivo half-life. Since chronic inflammation can lead to immune exhaustion and non-responsiveness, we sought to determine the effects of pre-exposure to the mRNA-LNP on adaptive immune responses and innate immune fitness. We found that pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs or LNP alone led to long-term inhibition of the adaptive immune response, which could be overcome using standard adjuvants. On the other hand, we report that after pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs, the resistance of mice to heterologous infections with influenza virus increased while resistance to Candida albicans decreased. The diminished resistance to Candida albicans correlated with a general decrease in blood neutrophil percentages. Interestingly, mice pre-exposed to the mRNA-LNP platform can pass down the acquired immune traits to their offspring, providing better protection against influenza. In summary, the mRNA-LNP vaccine platform induces long-term unexpected immunological changes affecting both adaptive immune responses and heterologous protection against infections. Thus, our studies highlight the need for more research to determine this platform's true impact on human health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.