ArticlePloS one2022
Breed-specific values for vertebral heart score (VHS), vertebral left atrial size (VLAS), and radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD) in pugs without cardiac disease, and their relationship to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS).
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of radiographic heart size measurement repeatability and reproducibility among veterinary students with varying training levels.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Vertebral heart scale measurements in Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and sun bears (Helarctos malayanus).PloS one · 2026Article
- Incorporating Morphological Evaluations into Breeding Soundness Examinations for Female Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Cardiomegaly in Dogs Using the Manubrium Heart Score Method and Determination of Its Diagnostic Accuracy in Comparison with the Vertebral Heart Score.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Vertebral Heart Score and Vertebral Left Atrial Size as Radiographic Measurements for Cardiac Size in Dogs-A Literature Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Effects of dog cardiac orientation on vertebral heart score measurements in different thoracic types.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Radiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in rescued Korean raccoon dogs (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Radiographic Left Atrial Size Measurement of Dogs in Different Mitral Valve Disease Stages with Four Different Methods.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- The Thoracic Inlet Length as a Reference Point to Radiographically Assess Cardiac Enlargement in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Thoracic Vertebral Length-to-Height Ratio, a Promising Parameter to Predict the Vertebral Heart Score in Normal Welsh Corgi Pembroke Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- The Thoracic Inlet Heart Size, a New Approach to Radiographic Cardiac Measurement.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Utility of vertebral left atrial size and vertebral heart size to aid detection of congestive heart failure in dogs with respiratory signs.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This prospective study aims to establish reference ranges for vertebral heart score (VHS), vertebral left atrial size (VLAS), and radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD) in pugs. The impact of clinical severity of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), gender, body condition score, and body weight on VHS, VLAS, and RLAD were investigated. Intra- and interobserver correlation was determined. Correlation of radiographic scores to echocardiographic left atrial dimension was inspected. Additionally, for VLAS and RLAD, correlation to VHS was examined. Additionally, an assessment of thoracic and vertebral malformations was performed. Forty-seven privately owned pugs underwent physical examination, echocardiography, and thoracic radiography to determine cardiac health. Thirty-two pugs were eligible for establishing reference ranges for VHS in right lateral radiographs, which was 11.25 ± 0.62 (95% range, 10.1-12.8). Reference ranges for VHS in left lateral, and for VLAS and RLAD in right lateral radiograph were determined in 30 pugs. The VHS in left lateral radiograph was 11.01 ± 0.70 (95% range, 9.4-12.6), VLAS was 1.96 ± 0.38 (95% range, 1.1-2.8), and RLAD was 1.59 ± 0.34 (95% range, 0.7-2.4). Clinical severity of BOAS did not show any impact on radiographic measurements. For VLAS, a significant correlation to VHS was detected by all observers. No other variables had a consistent influence on the radiographic scores given by all observers. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect for VHS (0.89 on right lateral and 0.91 on left lateral image), moderate for VLAS (0.49), and fair for RLAD (0.22). More than one third of the entire study population (18 of 47 pugs) showed at least one thoracic cavity or spine abnormality, often leading to considerable changes in vertebral body shape and size.
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