ArticleVeterinary surgery : VS2022
Delayed union, non-union and mal-union in 442 dogs.
Article in Veterinary surgery : VS, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Internal Fixation Using VitconeAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Case Report: Calcium sulfate antibiotic beads and bone morphogenetic protein-2-loaded hydroxyapatite and allograft for the treatment of infected delayed union in a dog.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Comparison of exposure of the feline radial diaphysis by the craniomedial and craniolateral surgical approaches for repair of antebrachial fractures.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2025Article
- Application of Novel Biomaterials to Enhance Bone Regeneration in a Canine Non-Union Olecranon Fracture.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Management of Long Bone Fractures in Two Dogs Using 4.5mm Dynamic Compression Plates.Case reports in veterinary medicine · 2025Article
- Erythropoietin as promoter of engraftment for treatment of radius/ulnar non-union fracture in a dog: Case report.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Can silver nanoparticles stabilized by Fenugreek (Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Feline radial and ulnar diaphyseal fractures: a retrospective study of 49 cases comparing single bone fixation and dual bone fixation.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Delayed union, non-union and mal-union in 442 dogs.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2022Article
- In dogs does the use of bone morphogenetic proteins with internal fixation accelerates fracture healing?Veterinary evidenceReview
- Surgical Reconstruction of Canine Nonunion Fractures Using Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-loaded Alginate Microbeads and Bone Allografts.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectives(1) To estimate the prevalence of delayed union, non-union and mal-union in canine fractures; (2) to describe fracture, demographic, and treatment characteristics for these outcomes; (3) to identify risk factors for delayed or non-union. STUDY
designRetrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Four hundred and forty two dogs (461 fractures).
methodsA review was conducted of clinical records and radiographs from 2 teaching hospitals. "Union," "delayed union," "non-union" and "mal-union" were defined, and fracture, demographic, treatment, and outcome variables described. Differences in proportions or medians between "union," "delayed union" and "non-union" were tested using χ
resultsMedian radiographic follow up was 53 days (14-282). Delayed union occurred in 13.9% of fractures (64/461), non-union in 4.6% (21/461), and mal-union in 0.7% (3/461). Risk factors for delayed or non-union were age (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12-1.31); comminuted fracture (OR 4.24, 95% CI 2.4-7.5); treatment with bone graft (all types) (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.3-8.5); surgical site infection (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.17-8.97), and major implant failure (OR 12.94, 95% CI 5.06-33.1).
conclusionOlder dogs, dogs with comminuted fractures, surgical site infection, or major implant failure were at increased odds of delayed or non-union. Radius and ulna fractures in toy breed dogs were not at increased odds of delayed or non-union. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The identified risk factors should inform fracture planning and prognosticating. The prognosis for radial fractures in toy breeds appears better than historically believed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.