ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2022
Effects of digital devices and online learning on computer vision syndrome in students during the COVID-19 era: an online questionnaire study.
Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of optometryPooled it
- Status of ocular health and binocular vision among children using digital devices: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Computer vision syndrome with academic burnout among college students in majors of medical and health-related fields and the moderating effect of gender.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Perceived Stress, Loneliness, and Resilience in Relation to Game Addiction Among Adolescents in Bangkok During the COVID-19 Pandemic Transition Period.Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing : official publication of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses, Inc · 2025Article
- Exploring computer vision syndrome among primary school students in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Validation of Binocular Vision and Ocular Surface Assessment Tools in Digital Eye Strain Syndrome: The DESIROUS Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Viewing distance, font size and symptoms of eyestrain in non-presbyopic and presbyopic smartphone users.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- CVS-Q teen: an adapted, reliable and validated tool to assess computer vision syndrome in adolescents.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Computer vision syndrome and associated factors in university students and teachers in Nampula, Mozambique.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The Prevalence and Knowledge of Digital Eye Strain Among the Undergraduates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2023Article
- Using the C-Read as a Portable Device to Evaluate Reading Ability in Young Chinese Adults: An Observational Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Computer vision syndrome among students during remote learning periods: harnessing digital solutions for clear vision.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Analysis of the Outcomes of the Screen-Time Reduction in Computer Vision Syndrome: A Cohort Comparative Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome among School-Age Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Risk factor assessment of digital eye strain during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2022Article
- Exploratory machine learning models for computer vision syndrome in occupational health.Digital healthArticle
- Postural supporting cervical traction workstation to improve resting state brain activity in digital device users: EEG study.Digital healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeComputer vision syndrome (CVS) describes a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged digital device use. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of CVS among students during the lockdown resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsA cross-sectional, online, questionnaire-based study performed among high school students in Thailand.
resultsA total of 2476 students, with mean age of 15.52±1.66 years, were included in this study. The mean number of hours of digital device use per day (10.53±2.99) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before its advent (6.13±2.8). The mean number of hours of online learning was 7.03±2.06 hours per day during the pandemic. CVS was found in 70.1% of students, and its severity correlated with both the number of hours of online learning and the total number of hours of digital device usage (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors associated with CVS included age ≤15 years (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.17), overall digital device usage >6 hours per day (AOR=1.91), online learning >5 hours per day (AOR=4.99), multiple digital device usage (AOR=2.15), refractive errors (AOR=2.89), presence of back pain (AOR=2.06) and presence of neck pain (AOR=2.36).
conclusionsThe number of hours of digital device usage increased during lockdown. Over 70% of children had CVS, whose associated factors, including hours of digital device usage, hours of online learning, ergonomics and refractive errors, should be adjusted to decrease the risk of acquiring this condition. Online learning will remain, along with CVS, after this pandemic, and we hope our research will be taken into account in remodelling our education system accordingly.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.