ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2022
Predictive validity of the Infant Toddler Checklist in primary care at the 18-month visit and developmental diagnosis at 3-5 years: a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early gross motor performance is associated with concurrent prelinguistic and social development.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Developmental screening at 18 months using the Nipissing District Developmental Screen.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- Screening for developmental delay at 18 months using the Infant Toddler Checklist: A validation study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Implementation of the Infant-Toddler Checklist in Swedish child health services at 18 months: an observational study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Observational
- What kind of information do early parental report instruments provide on language ability at 3;6 when used at 2;0? A longitudinal comparison study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: recommended psychodiagnostic tools for early diagnosis.Health psychology research · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThere is international variation in recommendations regarding developmental screening and growing recognition of the low sensitivity of commonly used developmental screening tools. Our objective was to examine the predictive validity of the Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) at 18 months to predict a developmental diagnosis at 3-5 years, in a primary care setting.
methodsWe designed a prospective cohort study, recruiting in primary care in Toronto, Canada. Parents completed the ITC at the 18-month visit and reported developmental diagnosis at 3-5 years (developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning problem). We calculated screening test properties with 95% CIs. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for important covariates.
resultsIn the final sample (n=488), mean age at screening was 18.5 (SD 1.1) months, and at follow-up was 46.6 (SD 10.0) months. At screening, 46 (9.4%) had a positive ITC. At follow-up, 26 (5.3%) had a developmental diagnosis, including: developmental delay (n=22), ASD (n=4), ADHD (n=1), learning problem (n=1); parents of two children each reported two diagnoses (total of 28 diagnoses). Of four children with a diagnosis of ASD at follow-up, three had a positive ITC at 18 months. The ITC specificity (92%, 95% CI: 89% to 94%) and negative predictive value (96%, 95% CI: 95% to 97%) were high; false positive rate was low (8%, 95% CI: 6% to 11%); sensitivity was low (31%, 95% CI: 14% to 52%). There was a strong association between a positive ITC at 18 months and later developmental diagnosis (adjusted OR 4.48, 95% CI: 1.72 to 11.64; p
conclusionThe ITC had high specificity, high negative predictive value, low false positive rate, and identified children with later developmental delay and ASD. The ITC had low sensitivity, similar to other screening tools underscoring the importance of continuous developmental surveillance at all health supervision visits.
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