ArticleeLife2022
Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs.
Article in eLife, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fast and accurate identification of emerging viral reassortment from genome sequences.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Influenza A virus infection dynamics in two sow herds and effects of interventions.Porcine health management · 2026Article
- Ecological drivers of evolution of swine influenza in the United States: a review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Review
- Diagnostic performance of ELISA kits and expanded antigen panels for hemagglutination inhibition assays in pig herds enzootically infected with porcine Influenza A viruses.Porcine health management · 2025Article
- Recombinants Are the Key Drivers of Recent PRRSV-2 Evolution.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Emerging threats of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in swine: knowledge gaps and the imperative for a One Health approach.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Reverse zoonosis of the 2022-2023 human seasonal H3N2 detected in swine.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of Swine Influenza A Virus (swIAV) Infections in Commercial Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms in Greece.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Praemonitus praemunitus: can we forecast and prepare for future viral disease outbreaks?FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Progress on innate immune evasion and live attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Vaccination against swine influenza in pigs causes different drift evolutionary patterns upon swine influenza virus experimental infection and reduces the likelihood of genomic reassortments.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although vaccination is broadly used in North American swine breeding herds, managing swine influenza is challenging primarily due to the continuous evolution of influenza A virus (IAV) and the ability of the virus to transmit among vaccinated pigs. Studies that have simultaneously assessed the impact of vaccination on the emergence of IAV reassortment and genetic variation in pigs are limited. Here, we directly sequenced 28 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs co-infected with H1N1 and H3N2 IAV strains, and characterized 202 individual viral plaques recovered from 13 BALF samples. We identified 54 reassortant viruses that were grouped in 17 single and 16 mixed genotypes. Notably, we found that prime-boost vaccinated pigs had less reassortant viruses than nonvaccinated pigs, likely due to a reduction in the number of days pigs were co-infected with both challenge viruses. However, direct sequencing from BALF samples revealed limited impact of vaccination on viral variant frequency, evolutionary rates, and nucleotide diversity in any IAV coding regions. Overall, our results highlight the value of IAV vaccination not only at limiting virus replication in pigs but also at protecting public health by restricting the generation of novel reassortants with zoonotic and/or pandemic potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.