ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022
Diabetic retinopathy as a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Recent Investigations on Pathogenesis, Biomarkers, Epigenetics, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies to Modulate Multiple Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Retinopathy.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Association of Diabetic Retinopathy and Arterial Stiffness With Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Borohydride Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for SERS Platforms: Indirect Glucose Detection and Analysis Using Gradient Boosting.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Comparison of All-Cause Mortality in Patients Who Required Glaucoma Surgery for Neovascular Glaucoma or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diabetic retinopathy further increases risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in a high-risk cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of Age-Related Eye Diseases with Comorbidity of Coronary Heart Disease and Depression in a Population-Based Cohort Study.Psychology research and behavior management · 2025Article
- Prediction of heart failure risk factors from retinal optical imaging via explainable machine learning.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Public Health System Funding for isCGM Reduces Socioeconomic Disparities in Type 2 Diabetes Control: A Cohort Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Study Using Real-World Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Retinal Microvascular Changes in Association with Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Greek Population.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- A Study of the Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus.Cureus · 2024Article
- Association of diabetic retinopathy on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults with diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Diabetic vascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Impact of microvascular complications on the outcomes of diabetic foot in type 2 diabetic patients with documented peripheral artery disease.Endocrine · 2023Article
- Article
- The Potential Relationship Between Serum Irisin Concentration With Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Glycemic Indices and Lipid Profiles in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2023Article
- Predictive model for diabetic retinopathy under limited medical resources: A multicenter diagnostic study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Diabetic retinopathy predicts cardiovascular disease independently of subclinical atherosclerosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its stages with the incidence of major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) persons in our large primary healthcare database from Catalonia (Spain). A retrospective cohort study with pseudo-anonymized routinely collected health data from SIDIAP was conducted from 2008 to 2016. We calculated incidence rates of major cardiovascular events [coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or both-macrovascular events] and all-cause mortality for subjects with and without DR and for different stages of DR. The proportional hazards regression analysis was done to assess the probability of occurrence between DR and the study events. About 22,402 T2DM subjects with DR were identified in the database and 196,983 subjects without DR. During the follow-up period among the subjects with DR, we observed the highest incidence of all-cause mortally. In the second place were the macrovascular events among the subjects with DR. In the multivariable analysis, fully adjusted for DR, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), tobacco, duration of T2DM, an antiplatelet or antihypertensive drug, and HbA1c, we observed that subjects with any stage of DR had higher risks for all of the study events, except for stroke. We observed the highest probability of all-cause death events (adjusted hazard ratios, AHRs: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.28; 1.41). In conclusion, our results show that DR is related to CHD, macrovascular events, and all-cause mortality among persons with T2DM.
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