ArticleEnvironmental research2022
Synergistic influence of air temperature and vaccination on COVID-19 transmission and mortality in 146 countries or regions.
Article in Environmental research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Did Environmental and Climatic Factors Influence the Outcome of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Serbia?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to determine the influence of vaccination and air temperature on COVID-19 transmission and severity.
methodsThe study data in 146 countries from January 6, 2020 to July 28, 2022 were aggregated into 19,856 weeks. Country-level weekly incidence, time-varying reproduction number (Rt), mortality, and infection-fatality ratio (IFR) were compared among groups of these weeks with different vaccination rates and air temperatures.
resultsWeeks with <15 °C air temperature and 60% vaccination showed the highest incidence (mean, 604; SD, 855; 95% CI, 553-656, unit, /100,000 persons; N = 1073) and the highest rate of weeks with >1 Rt (mean, 41.6%; SD, 1.49%; 95% CI, 39.2-45.2%; N = 1090), while weeks with >25 °C and <20% showed the lowest incidence (mean, 24; SD, 75; 95% CI, 22-26; N = 5805) and the lowest rate of weeks with >1 Rt (mean, 15.3%; SD, 0.461%; 95% CI, 14.2-16.2%; N = 6122). Mortality in weeks with <15 °C (mean, 2.1; SD, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.0-2.2, unit, /100,000 persons; N = 4365) was five times of the mortality in weeks with >25 °C (mean, 0.44; SD, 1; 95% CI, 0.41-0.46; N = 7741). IFR ranged between 2% and 2.6% (SD, 1.9%-2.4%; 95% CI, 2.0-2.7%) at < 20% vaccination level, 1.8% (SD, 2%-2.2%; 95% CI, 1.7-2.0%) at 20-60% vaccination level, and 0.7%-1% (SD, 1%-1.8%; 95% CI, 0.7-1.1%) at > 60% vaccination level and at all air temperatures (all P < 0.001).
conclusionsVaccination was insufficient to mitigate the transmission since the significantly elevated weekly incidence and >1 Rt rate in weeks with high vaccination, while IFR was reduced by high vaccination. Countries with long-term low air temperature were affected by high transmission and high mortality.
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