SynthesisPloS one2022
Cytokines and chemokines profile in encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Follicular Immune Checkpoint: PD-1/PD-L1 and Immune Tolerance in Oocyte Competence and IVF Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Plant-derived indole alkaloids in chronic inflammatory diseases: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potential and translational challenges.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- A unified digital twin framework for predicting therapeutic response to central nervous system infections by pathogenic free-living amoebae.Parasitology research · 2026Review
- Modulation of Cytokines and Immune Cells by Plasma Exchange in Patients With Certain Autoimmune Neurological Diseases.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Interplay between innate immune cells and inflammatory mediators in dengue infection: an evolving therapeutic paradigm.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Leukocyte recruitment in flavivirus-induced encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid and serum cytokine profiles in severe viral encephalitis with implications for refractory status epilepticus: a retrospective observational study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- COVID-19 vaccines and neurological disorders: A narrative review of immune responses and adverse reactions.AIMS neuroscience · 2025Review
- Diagnostic markers of acute encephalitis syndrome and COVID-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children from Southern India.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Tomatidine relieves neuronal damage in spinal cord injury by inhibiting the inflammatory responses and apoptosis through blocking the NF-κB/CXCL10 pathway activation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Eating reflex epilepsy of presumed autoimmune etiology after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- Biomarkers in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEncephalitis is caused by autoimmune or infectious agents marked by brain inflammation. Investigations have reported altered concentrations of the cytokines in encephalitis. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between encephalitis and alterations of cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum.
methodsWe found possibly suitable studies by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, systematically from inception to August 2021. 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis. To investigate sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. The protocol of the study has been registered in PROSPERO with a registration ID of CRD42021289298.
resultsA total of 23 met our eligibility criteria to be included in the meta-analysis. A total of 12 cytokines were included in the meta-analysis of CSF concentration. Moreover, 5 cytokines were also included in the serum/plasma concentration meta-analysis. According to the analyses, patients with encephalitis had higher CSF amounts of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, and TNF-α than healthy controls. The alteration in the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL13, and IFN-γ was not significant. In addition, the serum/plasma levels of the TNF-α were increased in encephalitis patients, but serum/plasma concentration of the IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, and CXCL13 remained unchanged.
conclusionsThis meta-analysis provides evidence for higher CSF concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, and TNF-α in encephalitis patients compared to controls. The diagnostic and prognostic value of these cytokines and chemokines should be investigated in future studies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.