Trial reportWorld journal of urology2022
Prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate effectiveness of virtual reality to decrease anxiety in office-based flexible cystoscopy patients.
Trial report in World journal of urology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07338292 (VIrtual Reality Induced Pain and anxiEty Relief in Outpatient UROlogical Procedures), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
VIrtual Reality Induced Pain and anxiEty Relief in Outpatient UROlogical Procedures: a Post-marketing Clinical Investigation of REALICA
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders in adolescents and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Visual extended reality tools in image-guided surgery in urology: a systematic review.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of virtual reality for pain relief in medical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of virtual reality in managing pain and anxiety in adults during periprocedural period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- [Application and utilization of virtual and augmented reality in surgical specialties-an expert Delphi consensus].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- HypnoVR®in minimally invasive surgical techniques (MISTs) for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS): a safe, sedation-reducing tool improving patient experience.The Canadian journal of urology · 2026Article
- The Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses Application During Urodynamics on Procedural Pain, Anxiety, and Hemodynamic Parameters: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International neurourology journal · 2026Article
- Nature exposure reduces self-reported pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Observational
- Evaluation of the effect of virtual reality hypnosis on pain through attentional diversion during prostate biopsies under local anesthesia (HYPNOSURG-VR): a study protocol.International journal of surgery protocols · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of virtual reality to manage pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Asian journal of urology · 2025Review
- Antegrade flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy with suctioning ureteral access sheath for large distal ureteral stones in neobladder patients: A case report.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- Vacuum-assisted mini-ECIRS for calyceal diverticular stones in a recipient of a kidney transplant: A case report.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- The effect of video-animated information on the anxiety of male patients before flexible cystoscopy performed under local anesthesia.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2025Article
- Modified Seoul National University Renal Stone Complexity Scoring System for Predicting Stone-Free Status After Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy.Research and reports in urology · 2025Article
- Simultaneously combining a thulium fiber laser and holmium:YAG laser in vacuum-assisted mini-endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery on a complex renal calculus: A case report.SAGE open medical case reports · 2024Article
- Mini ECIRS with BotX: our single-case experience.SAGE open medical case reports · 2024Article
- Retrograde vacuum-assisted MiniPCNL system for large distal ureteric calculus removal: A case report.Urology case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of immersive VR distraction technology in alleviating anxiety and pain during flexible cystoscopy.
methodsWe prospectively recruited 270 study participants who qualified for flexible cystoscopy and randomly assigned them to experimental and control groups. The experimental group consisted of 135 patients who employed a VR set during flexible cystoscopy, and the control group consisted of 135 patients who underwent the procedure without a VR set. Patient anxiety was determined quantitatively according to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A visual analog scale for assessing pain intensity, satisfaction, and willingness to repeat the procedure was evaluated. In addition, difference in the hemodynamic parameter was also examined.
resultsThe study findings demonstrated that the use of a VR set during flexible cystoscopy significantly improved the anxiety level over that of the control group (p = 0.001). Furthermore, this intervention led to a significantly increased level of satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure and a decrease in hemodynamic variables, specifically, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and heart rate (p = 0.001 in each case). Nonetheless, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the basic characteristic data, pain intensity, or oxygen saturation.
conclusionsBased on the present study, immersive VR can measurably decrease anxiety and increase satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure during flexible cystoscopy. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: 14 September 2019; number: TCTR20190914002.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.