Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36047482›Full record

ArticleBrain and behavior2022

Does social intolerance vary according to cognitive styles, genetic cognitive capacity, or education?

Aino Saarinen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Henrik Dobewall, C Robert Cloninger, Ari Ahola-Olli, Terho Lehtimäki, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Olli Raitakari, Suvi Rovio, Niklas Ravaja

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Article in Brain and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Aino SaarinenFaculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-4495-8360
Liisa Keltikangas-JärvinenFaculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Henrik DobewallFaculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
C Robert CloningerDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
Ari Ahola-OlliDepartment of Internal Medicine, Satasairaala Central Hospital, Pori, Finland.
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland.
Nina Hutri-KähönenTampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Olli RaitakariCentre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Suvi RovioCentre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Niklas RavajaFaculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLow education, low cognitive abilities, and certain cognitive styles are suggested to predispose to social intolerance and prejudices. Evidence is, however, restricted by comparatively small samples, neglect of confounding variables and genetic factors, and a narrow focus on a single sort of prejudice. We investigated the relationships of education, polygenic cognitive potential, cognitive performance, and cognitive styles with social intolerance in adulthood over a 15-year follow-up.

methodsWe used data from the prospective population-based Young Finns Study (n = 960-1679). Social intolerance was evaluated with the Social Intolerance Scale in 1997, 2001, and 2011; cognitive performance with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in 2011; cognitive styles in 1997; and socioeconomic factors in 1980 (childhood) and 2011 (adulthood); and polygenic cognitive potential was calculated based on genome-wide association studies.

resultsWe found that nonrational thinking, polygenic cognitive potential, cognitive performance, or socioeconomic factors were not related to social intolerance. Regarding cognitive styles, low flexibility (B = -0.759, p < .001), high perseverance (B = 1.245, p < .001), and low persistence (B = -0.329, p < .001) predicted higher social intolerance consistently in the analyses. DISCUSSION: When developing prejudice-reduction interventions, it should be considered that educational level or cognitive performance may not be crucial for development of social intolerance. Adopting certain cognitive styles may play more important roles in development of social intolerance.

Indexed as

CognitionGenome-Wide Association StudyAdultChildEducational StatusHumansNeuropsychological TestsProspective Studiescognitioncognitive performanceintelligencelongitudinalprejudice

Identifiers

PMID36047482
PMCPMC9480910

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.