ReviewParasite immunology2023
New insights into immunity to skin fungi shape our understanding of health and disease.
Review in Parasite immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infection Risk in Dermatology Patients Receiving Next-Generation Medication: A Meta-Analysis of JAK Inhibitors and Biologics.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2026Review
- Article
- Immune surveillance on the insect body surface recognizes a pathogen-derived fungal protease to activate defenses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- UnderstandingJournal of medical microbiology · 2026Review
- Integrating features of radiomics and CNN models for early skin cancer detection based on watershed segmentation.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Skin Microbiome Shifts in Various Dermatological Conditions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Human Mycobiome: Composition, Immune Interactions, and Impact on Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Fungal β-Glucans Shape Innate Immune Responses in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs): An In Vitro Study on PRR Regulation, Cytokine Expression, and Oxidative Balance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The gastrointestinal mycobiome in inflammation and cancer: unraveling fungal dysbiosis, pathogenesis, and therapeutic potential.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Conversation between skin microbiota and the host: from early life to adulthood.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- First Report ofInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Limitations of inflammatory biomarkers in differentiating patients with fungal pneumonia and bacterial co-infection.Current medical mycology · 2025Article
- Commensal microbe regulation of skin cells in disease.Cell host & microbe · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of pathogenicity for the emerging fungus Candida auris.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
- Abrogation of efflux pump activity, biofilm formation, and immune escape by candidacidal geraniol in emerging superbug, Candida auris.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2023Article
- New insights into immunity to skin fungi shape our understanding of health and disease.Parasite immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fungi represent an integral part of the skin microbiota. Their complex interaction network with the host shapes protective immunity during homeostasis. If host defences are breached, skin-resident fungi including Malassezia and Candida, and environmental fungi such as dermatophytes can cause cutaneous infections. In addition, fungi are associated with diverse non-infectious skin disorders. Despite their multiple roles in health and disease, fungi remain elusive and understudied, and the mechanisms underlying the emergence of pathological conditions linked to fungi are largely unclear. The identification of IL-17 as an important antifungal effector mechanism represents a milestone for understanding homeostatic antifungal immunity. At the same time, host-adverse, disease-promoting roles of IL-17 have been delineated, as in psoriasis. Fungal dysbiosis represents another feature of many pathological skin conditions with an unknown causal link of intra- and interkingdom interactions to disease pathogenesis. The emergence of new fungal pathogens such as Candida auris highlights the need for more research into fungal immunology to understand how antifungal responses shape health and diseases. Recent technological advances for genetically manipulating fungi to target immunomodulatory fungal determinants, multi-omics approaches for studying immune cells in the human skin, and novel experimental models open up a promising future for skin fungal immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.