ArticleNeurology. Genetics2022
Genetic Evidence for Protective Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Against Alzheimer Disease But Not Other Neurodegenerative Diseases in European Populations.
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Article in Neurology. Genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13citing papers in PubMed
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leveraging Mendelian randomization to inform drug discovery and development for ischemic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Genomics link obesity and type 2 diabetes to Alzheimer's disease to unveil novel biological insights.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Immunological drivers and potential novel drug targets for major psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative conditions.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Boosting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in microglia protects against Alzheimer's disease in 5xFAD mice.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Is the Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Genetic? A Scoping Review.Genes · 2024Article
- Neuronal ACE1 knockout disrupts the hippocampal renin angiotensin system leading to memory impairment and vascular loss in normal aging.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- Addressing the credibility crisis in Mendelian randomization.BMC medicine · 2024Review
- Employing Informatics Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease Research: A Review from Genetics, Multiomics, and Biomarkers to Clinical Outcomes.Annual review of biomedical data science · 2024Review
- Optimising the use of electronic medical records for large scale research in psychiatry.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Incorporating biological and clinical insights into variant choice for Mendelian randomisation: examples and principles.eGastroenterology · 2024Article
- Using genetic association data to guide drug discovery and development: Review of methods and applications.American journal of human genetics · 2023Review
- Integrating the Biology of Cardiovascular Disease into the Epidemiology of Economic Decision Modelling via Mendelian Randomisation.PharmacoEconomics · 2022Review
- The Pharmacorank Search Tool for the Retrieval of Prioritized Protein Drug Targets and Drug Repositioning Candidates According to Selected Diseases.Biomolecules · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
David K RyanClinical Pharmacology Group (D.K.R., D.G.), Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section (D.K.R., D.G.), Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.K.R.), University College London; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (V.K., B.S., I.T., D.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu; Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; Clinical Pharmacology (M.T.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre-Barts Health NHS Trust (M.T.), The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (M.T., T.G.R., D.G.), Old Road Campus, Oxford; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (T.G.R.), University of Bristol; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit (S.B., D.G.), Cambridge Institute of Public Health; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit (S.B.), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (I.T.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
Ville KarhunenClinical Pharmacology Group (D.K.R., D.G.), Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section (D.K.R., D.G.), Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.K.R.), University College London; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (V.K., B.S., I.T., D.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu; Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; Clinical Pharmacology (M.T.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre-Barts Health NHS Trust (M.T.), The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (M.T., T.G.R., D.G.), Old Road Campus, Oxford; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (T.G.R.), University of Bristol; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit (S.B., D.G.), Cambridge Institute of Public Health; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit (S.B.), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (I.T.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
Bowen SuClinical Pharmacology Group (D.K.R., D.G.), Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section (D.K.R., D.G.), Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.K.R.), University College London; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (V.K., B.S., I.T., D.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu; Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; Clinical Pharmacology (M.T.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre-Barts Health NHS Trust (M.T.), The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (M.T., T.G.R., D.G.), Old Road Campus, Oxford; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (T.G.R.), University of Bristol; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit (S.B., D.G.), Cambridge Institute of Public Health; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit (S.B.), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (I.T.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
Matthew TraylorClinical Pharmacology Group (D.K.R., D.G.), Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section (D.K.R., D.G.), Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.K.R.), University College London; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (V.K., B.S., I.T., D.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu; Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; Clinical Pharmacology (M.T.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre-Barts Health NHS Trust (M.T.), The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (M.T., T.G.R., D.G.), Old Road Campus, Oxford; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (T.G.R.), University of Bristol; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit (S.B., D.G.), Cambridge Institute of Public Health; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit (S.B.), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (I.T.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
Tom G RichardsonClinical Pharmacology Group (D.K.R., D.G.), Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section (D.K.R., D.G.), Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.K.R.), University College London; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (V.K., B.S., I.T., D.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu; Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; Clinical Pharmacology (M.T.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre-Barts Health NHS Trust (M.T.), The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (M.T., T.G.R., D.G.), Old Road Campus, Oxford; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (T.G.R.), University of Bristol; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit (S.B., D.G.), Cambridge Institute of Public Health; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit (S.B.), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (I.T.), University of Ioannina, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-2040
Stephen BurgessClinical Pharmacology Group (D.K.R., D.G.), Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section (D.K.R., D.G.), Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.K.R.), University College London; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (V.K., B.S., I.T., D.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu; Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; Clinical Pharmacology (M.T.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre-Barts Health NHS Trust (M.T.), The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (M.T., T.G.R., D.G.), Old Road Campus, Oxford; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (T.G.R.), University of Bristol; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit (S.B., D.G.), Cambridge Institute of Public Health; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit (S.B.), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (I.T.), University of Ioannina, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-8760
Ioanna TzoulakiClinical Pharmacology Group (D.K.R., D.G.), Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section (D.K.R., D.G.), Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.K.R.), University College London; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (V.K., B.S., I.T., D.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu; Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; Clinical Pharmacology (M.T.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre-Barts Health NHS Trust (M.T.), The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (M.T., T.G.R., D.G.), Old Road Campus, Oxford; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (T.G.R.), University of Bristol; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit (S.B., D.G.), Cambridge Institute of Public Health; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit (S.B.), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (I.T.), University of Ioannina, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4275-9328
Dipender GillClinical Pharmacology Group (D.K.R., D.G.), Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section (D.K.R., D.G.), Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.K.R.), University College London; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (V.K., B.S., I.T., D.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu; Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; Clinical Pharmacology (M.T.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre-Barts Health NHS Trust (M.T.), The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (M.T., T.G.R., D.G.), Old Road Campus, Oxford; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (T.G.R.), University of Bristol; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit (S.B., D.G.), Cambridge Institute of Public Health; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit (S.B.), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (I.T.), University of Ioannina, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-7078
St George's, University of London · GB
Funding
British Heart Foundation CH/12/2/29428British Heart Foundation RG/13/13/30194British Heart Foundation RG/18/13/33946Medical Research Council MC_UU_00002/7Wellcome Trust 204623Wellcome Trust 204623/Z/16/Z
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a commonly prescribed class of medication used to treat heart failure, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. However, previous observational studies have shown conflicting directions of associations between ACE inhibitors and risk of Alzheimer disease. Genetic evidence has supported a protective effect of cerebral ACE against Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether this effect is mediated through blood pressure and extends to other neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: We performed genetic colocalization investigating an effect of cortical Results: There was genetic evidence supporting a protective effect of cortical Discussion: Genetic evidence supports protective effects of cerebral ACE expression on AD, but not other neurodegenerative outcomes in people of European ancestry. Further work is required to investigate whether therapeutic inhibition of ACE increases risk of Alzheimer disease.
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