ArticleCurrent cancer drug targets2025
Gender Matters. Sex-related Differences in Immunotherapy Outcome in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Article in Current cancer drug targets, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The lethal symbiont: exploring the pathophysiology of cancer.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and therapy using sex and gender as precision biomarkers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- A comprehensive review of sex differences in the clinical outcomes to immunotherapy on solid tumors.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Lung cancer in non-smoking women (LCINSW): from risk factors to precision therapy.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Effect of Gender on Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Real-World Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Expression patterns of estrogen and androgen receptors in NSCLC patients according to the PD-L1 profile.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Gender oncology: recommendations and consensus of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM).ESMO open · 2024Article
- Male sex and pretreatment weight loss are associated with poor outcome in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Role of sex and sex hormones in PD-L1 expression in NSCLC: clinical and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEmerging evidence identified sex as a variable regulating immune system functions and modulating response to immunotherapy in cancer patients.
objectiveThis retrospective study analysed sex-related differences in immunotherapy outcomes in a real-world population of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
methodsWe retrospectively investigated clinical data of 99 patients with advanced NSCLC and treated with single-agent nivolumab and pembrolizumab at Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence (Italy), between April 2014 to August 2019. Main clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes were analysed.
resultsOur study showed that the efficacy of ICI treatment differed according to gender. A trend for better median progression-free survival (mPFS) was reported in males (mPFS 5.0 months, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 4.0-11.0) than females (mPFS 4.5 months, 95% CI 2.0-9.0) (p=0.133), while no significant difference for overall survival (OS) between the two sex groups was observed (p=0.622). In the nivolumab cohort, we showed a statistically significant difference for a longer PFS in men compared to women (log-rank p=0.054), HR for PFS in females versus males was 1.81 (95% CI 0.97- 3.37, p=0.062). Disease control rate (DCR) was achieved in 55.7% and 45.7% of men and women, respectively, while disease progression was registered in 44.3% of males and 54.3% of females (p=0.386).
conclusionGender is a variable that should be taken into account in the choice of immunotherapy. Future prospective randomized trials testing tailored sex-based immunotherapy strategies are required to validate our findings before integrating into clinical practice.
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