Covid-19 Vaccines - Immunity, Variants, Boosters.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

275 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

1. QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay for the evaluation of cellular immunity after immunization with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2024
   Pooled it
2. Safety and immunogenicity of PHH-1V booster against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron subvariants: Results from a phase IIb open-label extension study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025
   Trial
3. Safety and Immunogenicity of aerosolized adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine and intramuscular mRNA vaccine bivalent boosters: a randomized open-label clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025
   Trial
4. Immunogenicity and safety study of a single dose of SpikoGen® vaccine as a heterologous or homologous intramuscular booster following a primary course of mRNA, adenoviral vector or recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine in ambulatory adults.Vaccine · 2025
   Trial
5. Immunogenicity and safety following a homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine with Matrix-MHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024
   Trial
6. Safety and Immunogenicity of an mRNA-1273 Booster in Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024
   Trial
7. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of heterologous boosting with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (SYS6006) in Chinese participants aged 18 years or more: a randomized, open-label, active-controlled phase 3 trial.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024
   Trial
8. Omicron COVID-19 immune correlates analysis of a third dose of mRNA-1273 in the COVE trial.Nature communications · 2024
   Trial
9. Phase II prefusion non-stabilised Covid-19 mRNA vaccine randomised study.Scientific reports · 2024
   Trial
10. Ability of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine, to induce cross-neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Immunology · 2023
    Trial
11. Comparison of bivalent and monovalent SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines: the phase 2 randomized open-label COVAIL trial.Nature medicine · 2023
    Trial
12. Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 self-amplifying RNA vaccine expressing an anchored RBD: A randomized, observer-blind phase 1 study.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023
    Trial
13. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell therapy for severe COVID-19: a randomized phase 1/2 trial.Nature medicine · 2023
    Trial
14. GRAd-COV2 vaccine provides potent and durable humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023
    Trial
15. Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Following Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study.Kidney medicine · 2026
    Article
16. Epitope-driven polyfunctional divergence of SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies.iScience · 2026
    Article
17. Respiratory mucosal vaccines for emerging viruses: promise and challenges.Journal of virology · 2026
    Review
18. Vaccination-first immune priming shapes a sustained mRNA vaccine-induced IgG4 class switch that associates with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection risk.Scientific reports · 2026
    Article
19. Immune correlates of risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a prospective, community-based cohort study.Nature communications · 2026
    Article
20. Factors associated with severe COVID-19 in immunocompromised subgroups in England from 2020 to 2024: an OpenSAFELY cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2026
    Article

215 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

1 author.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as