ArticlePloS one2022
Reductions in US life expectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic by race and ethnicity: Is 2021 a repetition of 2020?
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- What is Social Justice? An Important Approach to Public Health Research, Practice, and Health Care Solutions.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Staying Safe for the Long Haul: A Health Belief Model Analysis of COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Through the Lens of Long COVID.Clinical nursing research · 2025Article
- Widening Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality and Life Expectancy Among 15 Major Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States, 2020-2021.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Examining the Relationship Between Incarceration and Healthy Aging.Journal of developmental and life-course criminology · 2025Article
- From one death to another: The relationship between familial deaths and one's own mortality risk among an urban Black American cohort.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Intersectionality of sex and race in COVID-19 mortality and vaccination inequities in Massachusetts.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Impact of Vaccination Rates, Pre-Pandemic Life Expectancy, Economic Status and Age on COVID-19 Excess Mortality Across United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Large and unequal life expectancy declines during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020.Science advances · 2024Article
- Disparities in Care for Low-Income Patients with Cirrhosis: Implementing an Innovative Outpatient Clinic for Refractory Ascites in a Safety Net Hospital.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Life Expectancy Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2021: Highly Racialized Deaths in Young and Middle Adulthood in the United States as Compared With Other High-Income Countries.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Pre-pandemic trends and Black:White inequities in life expectancy across the 30 most populous U.S. cities: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The Gap Between US and Best Practice Life Expectancy Is Increasing.American journal of public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and All-Cause Mortality by Race, Ethnicity, and Age Across Five Periods of the Pandemic in the United States.Population research and policy review · 2023Article
- The impact of health inequities on physicians' occupational well-being during COVID-19: A qualitative analysis from four US cities.Journal of hospital medicine · 2023Article
- Prevention Science and Health Equity: A Comprehensive Framework for Preventing Health Inequities and Disparities Associated with Race, Ethnicity, and Social Class.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2023Review
- Article
- Pandemic distress associated with segregation and social stressors.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on race/ethnic differences in US mortality.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Do social determinants of health explain racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection?Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
COVID-19 had a huge mortality impact in the US in 2020 and accounted for most of the overall reduction in 2020 life expectancy at birth. There were also extensive racial/ethnic disparities in the mortality impact of COVID-19 in 2020, with the Black and Latino populations experiencing reductions in life expectancy at birth over twice as large as that of the White population. Despite continued vulnerability of these populations, the hope was that widespread distribution of effective vaccines would mitigate the overall mortality impact and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in 2021. In this study, we quantify the mortality impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on 2021 US period life expectancy by race and ethnicity and compare these impacts to those estimated for 2020. Our estimates indicate that racial/ethnic disparities have persisted, and that the US population experienced a decline in life expectancy at birth in 2021 of 2.2 years from 2019, 0.6 years more than estimated for 2020. The corresponding reductions estimated for the Black and Latino populations are slightly below twice that for Whites, suggesting smaller disparities than those in 2020. However, all groups experienced additional reductions in life expectancy at birth relative to 2020, and this apparent narrowing of disparities is primarily the result of Whites experiencing proportionately greater increases in mortality in 2021 compared with the corresponding increases in mortality for the Black and Latino populations in 2021. Estimated declines in life expectancy at age 65 increased slightly for Whites between 2020 and 2021 but decreased for both the Black and Latino populations, resulting in the same overall reduction (0.8 years) estimated for 2020 and 2021.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.