SynthesisSao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
Perceived racism or racial discrimination and the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Discrimination and risk of spontaneous abortion in a preconception cohort study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Experiences of Racism and Risk of Preeclampsia in the Black Women's Health Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Perceived Everyday Discrimination and Ethnic Disparities in Postpartum Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Asian Canadians.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Assessing the Association Between Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Postpartum Contraception.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2026Article
- Maternal Depressive Symptomology and Small-for-Gestational-Age: Do Coping Efforts Moderate the Relationship?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Constructivist grounded theory and intersectionality in critical qualitative research: pathways to understanding reproductive injustice.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2026Article
- Self-reported experiences of interpersonal racial discrimination and maternal and neonatal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Unit culture and respectful care in obstetric care settings: a qualitative concept elicitation study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- The Experience of Discrimination Impacts Technology Readiness and Psychosocial States of Minoritized Families Living With Type 1 Diabetes: Findings From the BEAD-T1D Pilot Study.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025Article
- Experiences of Discrimination in Medical Settings in a Pregnant Population with Low Income.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Real-time experiences of racism and stress in association with postpartum weight retention: a longitudinal ecological momentary assessment study.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Enabling discovery of the social determinants of health: using a specialized lens to see beyond the surface.Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA · 2025Article
- A systematic review of the relationship between neighborhood stressors, discrimination, and cardiometabolic outcomes during pregnancy.npj women's health · 2025Article
- Prospective Survey of Discrimination in Pregnant Persons and Correlation with Unplanned Healthcare Utilization.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Disparities in Postpartum Care Visits: The Dynamics of Parental Leave Duration and Postpartum Care Attendance.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- Activating Life Course Theory through a Whole System Prevention Framework to Address the Wicked Problem of Maternal and Infant Morbidity and Mortality.Community health equity research & policy · 2024Article
- Asian-White disparities in obstetric anal sphincter injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AJOG global reports · 2024Review
- Impact of sex, race, and social determinants of health on neonatal outcomes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- The emotional and social impact of COVID-19 on postpartum women: A qualitative analysis on the experiences of women who gave birth during the pandemic in New York City.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRacial disparities are differences among distinct subgroups of the human species; biologically, there are no scientifically proven reasons for them to exist.
objectiveTo assess the impact of racism or racial discrimination on obstetric outcomes. DESIGN AND
settingSystematic review conducted at a tertiary/academic hospital.
methodsThe Cochrane Library, SCOPUS/EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Studies presenting any type of racial discrimination, or any manifestation of racism that was perceived by women of any age in an obstetric scenario were included. Studies that only assessed racial disparities without including direct racism were excluded. The secondary outcomes evaluated included quality of antenatal care, intra and postpartum care, preterm birth and birthweight. The Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) scale was used to assess the quality of evidence from non-randomized studies.
resultsA total of 508 records were retrieved and 29 were selected for qualitative synthesis. No meta-analysis could be performed due to the high heterogeneity across studies. Perceived racism was associated as a risk factor in 7/10 studies focusing on pregnancy and postpartum maternal outcomes, five studies on preterm birth, one study on small for gestational age and two studies on low birthweight. Overall, among the 29 studies, the risk of bias was classified as moderate.
conclusionsPerceived racism presented an association with poor obstetric outcomes. Anti-racist measures are needed in order to address the problems that are causing patients to perceive or experience racism. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO database, CRD42020194382.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.