ArticleMolecular psychiatry2022
Paternal age and 13 psychiatric disorders in the offspring: a population-based cohort study of 7 million children in Taiwan.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal age is related to offspring DNA methylation: A meta-analysis of results from the PACE consortium.Aging cell · 2024Pooled it
- Psychopathological symptom severity and parent-child age differences in patients with eating disorders.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Article
- Patients with anorexia nervosa perceive higher emotional connectedness to their parents than bulimia nervosa patients independent of objective family factors.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Article
- Spousal Dementia Exposure and Risk of Dementia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Familial coaggregation and shared genetic loading of mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Parental age and its influence on functional dependency and cognitive decline in older adults: a cohort analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Polygenic Scores and Environmental Factors in Psychiatric Disorders: Gene-Environment Interaction Analyses Using the iPSYCH Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Spousal correlations for nine psychiatric disorders are consistent across cultures and persistent over generations.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Effect of Parental-Child Age Gaps and Skipped-Generation Families on Comorbidities Related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Identification of intragenic variants in pediatric patients with intellectual disability in Peru.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- Associations of paternal age with offspring under-five mortality and perinatal outcomes: a cohort study using claims data in Taiwan.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Multifaceted paternal exposures before conception and their epigenetic impact on offspring.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Review
- A population-based study of familial coaggregation and shared genetic etiology of psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Future in the past: paternal reprogramming of offspring phenotype and the epigenetic mechanisms.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although paternal age has been linked to certain psychiatric disorders, the nature of any causal relationship remains elusive. Here, we aimed to comprehensively assess the magnitude of a wide range of offspring's psychiatric risk conferred by paternal age, leveraging a pedigree inferred from covered-insurance relationship (accuracy >98%) in Taiwan's single-payer compulsory insurance program. We also examined whether there is an independent role of paternal age and explored the potential effect of parental age difference. A total cohort of 7,264,788 individuals born between 1980 and 2018 were included; 5,572,232 with sibling(s) were selected for sibling-comparison analyses and 1,368,942 and 1,044,420 children with information of paternal-grandparents and maternal-grandparents, respectively, were selected for multi-generation analyses. Using inpatient/outpatient claims data (1997-2018), we identified schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder (BPD), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), eating disorder (ED), substance use disorder (SUD), mental retardation (MR), tic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, and somatoform disorder. We identified suicides using death certificates. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the paternal/maternal/grand-paternal age association with psychiatric risk in the offspring. The total cohort and sibling-comparison cohort resulted in similar estimates. Paternal age had a U-shaped relationship with offspring's MDD, ED, SUD, and anxiety. A very young maternal age (<20 years) was associated with markedly higher risk in offspring's SUD, MR, and suicide. Older paternal age (>25 years) was linearly associated with offspring's schizophrenia, autism, BPD, ADHD, MDD, ED, SUD, MR, OCD, anxiety, and suicide. Older grand-paternal age was linearly associated with offspring's schizophrenia, autism, ADHD, and MR. Dissimilar parental age was positively associated with offspring's ADHD, MDD, SUD, MR, anxiety, and suicide, and negatively associated with offspring's OCD. This comprehensive assessment provides solid evidence for the independent role of paternal age in psychiatric risk in the offspring and clarifies the significance of both early parenthood and delayed paternity.
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