ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2022
Extreme racism-related events and poor sleep in African-American women.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Anticipating Racism is Associated with Poorer Sleep Among Adults Racialized as Black.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Associations between sleep and episodic memory performance in a diverse adult lifespan community-based sample: The Offspring study.Sleep health · 2026Article
- Superwoman schema, motherhood status, and subclinical atherosclerosis among African American women.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Police-related Stress and Carotid Intima Media Thickness Among African American Women.Biopsychosocial science and medicine · 2026Article
- Online and offline gendered racial microaggressions and sleep quality for Black women.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
- Pathways to maternal health inequities: Structural racism, sleep, and physiological stress.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
- "I Could Feel His Sadness and Disdain as He Told Me": A Qualitative Analysis of Black Women's Accounts of Vicarious Racism.Sociological perspectives : SP : official publication of the Pacific Sociological Association · 2024Article
- Associations of Everyday Discrimination With Insomnia and Short Sleep Duration Among Older Women.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- The Water Surrounding the Iceberg: Cultural Racism and Health Inequities.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Article
- Network stressors, personal stressors, and ambulatory blood pressure in African-American women-Does superwoman schema play a role?Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2023Article
- Complex effects of racism and discrimination on African Americans' health and well-being: Navigating the status quo.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- Sound reasons for unsound sleep: Comparative support for the sentinel hypothesis in industrial and nonindustrial groups.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Vicarious Racism and Links to Negative Emotions and Mental Health in US Adults: A Scoping Review.Harvard review of psychiatryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleMuch of the research linking racism-related stressors to poor health has focused on fairly non-violent forms of racism that directly impact individuals under study. Exposure to particularly extreme and/or violent racist events are increasingly visible via smartphone recordings and social media, with consistent anecdotal reports of the effects of seeing and hearing about these events on sleep among minorities who racially identify with the victims.
objectiveThis study examines whether exposure to direct and vicarious racism-related events (RREs), including more extreme events, are associated with sleep quality. Additionally, we examine effects of less and more violent direct RREs and vicarious RREs witnessed in person and via social media.
methodsAmong 422 African-American women, we assessed exposure to RREs using a modified version of the Race-Related Events Scale and assessed sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Linear regression analyses were used to model continuous global sleep.
resultsDirect (β = 0.24 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.35]) RREs were associated with worse continuous global sleep quality scores in analyses adjusted for sociodemographics and risk factors for poor sleep. More violent direct RREs (β = 0.59 [95% CI: 0.30, 0.89]) had stronger associations with poor sleep quality than less violent direct RREs (β = 0.25 [95% CI: 0.11, 0.40]). Vicarious RREs overall (β = 0.04 [95% CI: 0.14, 0.21]) and those witnessed via social media (β = -0.07 [95% CI: 0.29, 0.14]) were not associated with global sleep quality; conversely, vicarious RREs witnessed in person were (β = 0.52 [95% CI: 0.21, 0.83]).
conclusionExtreme, direct experiences of racism, particularly those that are violent in nature, are associated with poor sleep quality. However, extreme vicarious experiences are not-- unless witnessed in person.
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