Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36040327›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2023

Access to Workplace Supports is Positively Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Formally Employed Mothers in Kenya.

S B Ickes, J N Adams, H K Sanders, J Kinyua, H S Lemein, D M Denno, J A Myhre, A Ithondeka, C Farquhar, B Singa and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Breastfeeding and workplace support in Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

S B IckesDepartment of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8140-5429
J N AdamsDepartment of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, IL, USA.
H K SandersDepartment of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, IL, USA.
J KinyuaDepartment of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
H S LemeinDepartment of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
D M DennoDepartment of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
J A MyhreNaivasha Sub-County Referral Hospital, Naivasha, Kenya.
A IthondekaNaivasha Sub-County Referral Hospital, Naivasha, Kenya.
C FarquharDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
B SingaKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
J L WalsonDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
R NduatiDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Funding

Identifying risk factors for sub-optimal breastfeeding and opportunities for breastfeeding promotion among working mothers in KenyaK01TW010827 · FIC · WHEATON COLLEGE · PI ICKES, SCOTT B. · 2017 to 2021
$750k
FIC NIH HHS K01 TW010827NIH HHS K01TW010827
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMothers in low-income settings who work in agricultural employment are challenged to meet breastfeeding (BF) recommendations. Recent legislation in Kenya mandates maternity leave and workplace supports, yet the relation of these benefits with BF practices is poorly understood.

objectivesWe evaluated the associations with workplace-provided BF supports and BF practices among formally employed mothers in Kenya. The availability of supports was hypothesized to be associated with a higher prevalence and greater odds of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF).

methodsWe conducted repeated cross-sectional surveys among formally employed mothers at 1-4 d and 6, 14, and 36 wk (to estimate 24 wk) postpartum in Naivasha, Kenya. We used logistic regression adjusted for maternal age, education, physical burden of work, HIV status, and income to evaluate associations between workplace supports and EBF practices.

resultsAmong formally employed mothers (n = 564), those who used onsite workplace childcare were more likely to practice EBF than those who used community- or home-based childcare at both 6 wk (95.7% compared with 82.4%, P = 0.030) and 14 wk (60.6% compared with 22.2%, P < 0.001; adjusted OR: 5.11; 95% CI: 2.3, 11.7). Likewise, at 14 wk among mothers who currently used daycare centers, a higher proportion of mothers who visited daycare centers at or near workplaces practiced EBF (70.0%) than of those not visiting daycare centers (34.7%, P = 0.005). EBF prevalence was higher among mothers with access to workplace private lactation spaces than among mothers without such spaces (84.6% compared with 55.6%, P = 0.037), and among mothers who lived in workplace housing than those without onsite housing (adjusted OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.41).

conclusionsFormally employed mothers in Kenya who have access to and use workplace-provided BF supports were more likely to practice EBF than mothers who lacked these supports. As the Kenya Health Act is implemented, lactation rooms, onsite housing and daycare, and transportation to visit children can all support BF and EBF among employed mothers.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingMothersChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfantKenyaPregnancyWorkplacebreastfeedingchildcareEast Africalactation roomsmaternal employmentworkplace breastfeeding supports

Identifiers

PMID36040327
PMCPMC9839982

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.