ArticleOphthalmology. Glaucoma
Association of an Objective Structural and Functional Reference Standard for Glaucoma with Quality of Life Outcomes.
Article in Ophthalmology. Glaucoma. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial Intelligence in Glaucoma Detection and Progression.Advances in ophthalmology and optometry · 2026Article
- Clinical and demographic characteristics of glaucoma patients in Kingston, Jamaica.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo compare self-reported quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes of patients diagnosed as normal, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma based on an objective reference standard for glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON).
designCross-sectional study.
participants1884 eyes of 1019 patients were included in the study.
methodsThe data was sourced from the Duke Glaucoma Registry. Eyes were classified according to the presence and topographic correspondence of functional and structural damage, as assessed by parameters from standard automated perimetry (SAP) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT). The objective diagnosis of the worse eye was used to define patient-level diagnosis. To assess QoL in the diagnostic groups, 14 unidimensional vision-related items of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) were used to assess QoL in the diagnostic groups. Association between NEI VFQ-25 Rasch-calibrated scores and diagnostic groups was assessed through multivariable regression that controlled for confounding demographic and socioeconomic variables such as age, sex, race, income, marriage status, insurance status, and highest education level.
main outcome measuresNEI VFQ-25 Rasch scores compared with objective criteria diagnosis based on SAP mean deviation (MD) and SD-OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.
resultsOverall, eyes classified as normal, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma had decreasing mean scores in SAP MD (0.2 ± 1.0 dB, -0.9 ± 2.4 dB, -6.2 ± 7.0 dB, respectively; P < 0.001) and SD-OCT RNFL thickness (97.8 ± 9.5 μm, 89.0 ± 13.1 μm, 64.5 ± 12.8 μm, respectively; P < 0.001). The mean Rasch-calibrated NEI VFQ-25 score was significantly different among normal, suspect, and glaucoma groups (82.9 ± 13.0, 78.2 ± 14.8, and 72.6 ± 16.2, respectively; P < 0.001). When adjusted for confounding socioeconomic variables, glaucoma patients had significantly worse QoL than those classified as normal (β = -6.8 Rasch score units; P < 0.001).
conclusionA glaucoma diagnosis, based on an objective reference standard for GON, was significantly associated with worse Rasch-adjusted scores of QoL. Utilization of such objective criteria may provide clinically relevant metrics with potential to improve comparability of research findings and validation of newly proposed diagnostic tools. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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